In 250 words or less explain when you think the use of a forced quarantine is justifiable. Include examples of at least two different pathogens in your answer. For each pathogen, explain two factors that would justify a forced quarantine. (27)
Fast-spreading pathogens, especially those easily spread through the air, demand a forced quarantine to limit their spread and effect within a population. A good example is that of the H1N1 virus that is airborne and easily spread from one person to another. The potency of the pathogen and the ease in spread demands a forced quarantine.
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Another factor is that of its severity once it has been contracted. A good example is that of the Ebola virus that once contracted, its spread and severity are extreme. This demands a forced quarantine to prevent its spread and to address its effect on those affected. The Ebola virus was particularly harsh to communities that are naturally interactive like those in Africa.
Explain why informing the public about the relationship among type 2 diabetes, obesity, and nutrition is an important component of public health. Use the words education, lifestyle, prevention, and risk factors in your answer (28)
The best remedy to addressing type 2 diabetes is not treatment but rather its prevention. Therefore, by providing the right health education to the public or the susceptible public, it allows them to know how their lifestyle choices influence their health and thus intentionally choose to undertake definitive steps in avoiding those risk factors. As a result, the health system is eased off the burden of treating the condition, where it is preventable.
Using specific examples, briefly explain five ways in which the public health agency of Canada (PHAC) contributes to the overall wellbeing of Canadians (29)
Promote health of all Canadians by continually investigating and seeking solutions to public health scares
Prevent and control chronic diseases and injuries. As a result Canadians are well protected from the occurrence of chronic diseases and injuries.
Prevent and control infectious diseases. This is perhaps the most crucial of all roles as it ensures immediate and fast address of emerging cases.
Prepare for and respond to public health emergencies
Serve as a central point for sharing Canada’s expertise with the rest of the world
List and briefly explain three factors that contribute to the emergence and spread of and/or altered pathogens in the human population. (30)
Microbial adaptation and change
As the environment change, microbes adapt to these changes, and this allows them to change their original formation. As a result, they become altered pathogens that have more virility when they come into contact with humans, resulting in outbreaks.
International travel and commerce
The movement of people/animals (pets and livestock for food) from one geographical area to another allow for the movement, interaction, and introduction of new pathogens. This allows for the emergence of new pathogens that are more severe and dangerous to humans.
Human demographics and behavior
Human behavior is constantly changing, captured by the emerging urban spaces, adoption of new lifestyles, evolving dietary practices, and haphazard intimate interaction. These changes spell a ripe state that allows for the emergence of new pathogens that depict an intrepid in infection.
Compare and contrast the public-health efforts made to contain H1N1 in 2009 and HIV by (31)
Giving two similarities and two differences
Similarities
There was a conceited global effort towards the tackling of the two infections
Both outbreaks were tackled from a behavioral perspective that aimed to educate people to change their normal behavior as a way of containing the outbreaks
Differences
Public health Efforts involving H1N1 were much more acute and direct as compared to the HIV efforts, which were more spread over an extended period of time.
The H1N1 public efforts were geographical in dealing with the virus while the HIV efforts were global in every sense.
Briefly explaining which virus was easier to contain and why
The H1N1 virus was much easier to contain because it was more acute and faster in its symptoms. This gave the caregivers an easier task of identifying those with the virus as compared to the HIV, whose symptoms are dormant hence difficult to detect early on. This allowed for the HIV to spread fast and quietly without detection.
The smallpox virus has the potential to be used as a biological weapon. Briefly explain (32)
Why it would make a good biological weapon
The potency of smallpox in infection and spread makes it a perfect biological weapon. The primary characteristic of any biological weapon lies in their potency, which smallpox possesses.
How its spread could potentially be stopped.
The best way to stop smallpox is through vaccination. Once vaccinated, it diminishes the virus’ potency once it comes into contact with a person.
Describe three ways in which you can prevent the spread of infection in your home or community (33)
The first way preventing the spread of infection is by implementing health measures that limit the spread of germs from one person to another. These can be simple measures as those of washing hands and maintaining healthy habits
Secondly, one can create a natural environment within one environs like ensuring proper aeration and cleanliness.
Thirdly, educating the members within the family/community on self-prevention measures one can take to protect oneself from contracting any form of infection.
Write a short set of instructions for kindergarten students, telling them how to wash their hands to help prevent the spread of colds in the classroom (34)
Wet your hands with clean water
Apply soap
Rub your hands together gently and thoroughly with the soap
Ensure that the back of the hands is lathered with soap, between the fingers and even under the nails
Scrub for at least 15 to 25 seconds
Rinse your hands with clean running water
Dry your hands using a clean towel
Write a travel advisory for Canada. In your travel advisory, briefly discuss any three of the following five topics (weather, healthcare, animals, terrains/travel distances, possible diseases) (35)
When travelling to Canada, it is important to note that Canada has an expansive wild terrain that is amazing and yet very dangerous. Therefore, one must seek the services of a guide if they want to explore Canada. Importantly, Canada is home to grizzly bears that may seem cute but are extremely dangerous. Therefore one must practice caution when and if one comes into contact with a bear in the course of their stay in Canada. Finally, there are certain diseases one needs to know about such as West Nile virus, and therefore it is very crucial to seek the right information as a way of protecting oneself from such diseases.
Write 400-600 word research, report about any one of the following topics (36) (assess the effectiveness of mosquito net in reducing the spread of malaria)
Introduction
The proliferation of malaria has had a devastating effect on humans across generations. This has demanded a practical measure that would help in addressing the spread of malaria by mosquito in malaria-prevalent areas. This has been an area of concern when it comes to children and pregnant mothers the use of mosquito net was identified as an effective measure to addressing the challenge brought about by mosquitos and their spread of malaria.
Organization and Structure of Report
Challenge Of Malaria
Unlike other diseases, malaria gained attention and precedence due to its devastation once contracted, especially among children and pregnant mothers. Over the years, malaria-prone areas of sub-Saharan Africa have continued to be devastated by malaria’s effect. This has demanded a more effective and yet cheaper way of addressing malaria.
Children And Pregnant Mothers
In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria effects were more felt in among children and pregnant mothers. World health organization estimated that 92% of all malaria deaths are among children under the age of 5. With a mortality rate of 62%, malaria poses a real threat to the most susceptible and yet important people in the society.
Mosquito Nets
The importance of mosquito nets is that it provides those who sleep under it with greater protection from a mosquito bite than from the use of a pesticide. More so, mosquito net is cheaper and more long-lasting than the alternatives of treatment and use of pesticides to keep away mosquitos.
Summary and Assessment of Information
The value of mosquito’s nets in protecting people from a mosquito bite has been hailed as an effective measure to addressing the menace of malaria. Importantly, it has provided a cheaper alternative to tackling malaria and helping sub-African countries fight the threat. Importantly, international organizations like WHO and USAID have engaged governments in these areas in addressing malaria through the provision of mosquito nets to pregnant mothers.
Conclusion
There has always been a need to create a functioning system that allows sub-Saharan centuries, prone to malaria, be able to deal with mosquito. The need to address malaria is global, and as such, every initiative is important especially when it entails helping fight malaria. The mosquito net initiative continues to save lives across Africa as more people start sleeping under a net.
References
Llewellyn, D. (2012). Teaching High School Science through Inquiry and Argumentation . Thousand Oaks: Corwin.
Piscitello, J., & Williams, S. (2018). High School Science . New York: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform.
