Over the recent past, health services have seen tremendous development in the provision of affordable, high-quality health that ensures that people live a life free from pain. As opined by Miller et al. (2015), it is worth mentioning that there is an increase in studies that try to establish how health care services can be improved owing to the existing technologies. Further, efforts are still being put in place to make these developments even better to what exists. With improving clinical systems and having suitable information about patients, clinicians can be in a better position to provide the best health care services.
The learning and understanding of clinical system used to enhance efficiency and outcome bring into attention the application of the new technology in a health care setting that is resourceful in changing the productivity and outcome within the health care delivery and nursing practice. It is clear that using these systems in the provision of health care services immensely improve the relationship between the health care providers and patients because it enables health care provider to understand the client. The systems provide necessary information that is useful for retrieval, effective and efficient outcome of tests and clinics that relate to diagnosis.
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In response to the aforementioned information, the paper is aimed at assessing the strategies that have been put in place in a clinical system to enhance the efficiency and outcome of health services. Therefore, this paper seeks to discuss the research outcome of the computerized clinical decision support system, electronic health records, standalone electronic interface, and peer group comparison as outlined by the five peer-reviewed articles. The study will further advance on how these strategies can increase the efficiency and outcome in health care.
The Electronic Health Records
As indicated by Blumenthal and Tavenner (2014), there is a need to incorporate all patient information into clinical systems so that clinicians can have proper access to information about their patients to heighten the quality of diagnosis and prevent further medical errors. An electronic health record (EHR) is a digital and real-time record of patient information that is produced by one or more encounters in any clinical setting. Some of the patient information includes progress notes, medications, problems, immunizations, radiology reports and laboratory data. This clinical system streamlines and automates the workflow of clinicians. The EHR has the ability to produce a complete record of the clinical patient encounter and further supporting other associated activities directly or indirectly through an interface such as quality management, evidence-based decision support as well as outcomes reporting.
In the daily operations of a healthcare setting, the EHR enhances the quality of service by improving patient safety, streamlining charting practices and alerting health care providers to crucial information in real time. With this system in place, patient information can be entered from all sources enabling clinicians to use EHR as the primary source of information during patient care. It is, therefore, important for health care setting to adopt EHR to transform patient flow, support patient compliance and management as well as encourage medical screenings that can prevent diseases and improving the outcome and efficiencies in the health care setting.
Computerized Clinical Decision Support System
According to Roshanov et al. (2011), a computerized clinical decision support system (CDSS) is a system that provides clinician, staff, and patients with person-specific information and insight in improving health care. The CDSS system entails various tools that assist in making the decision of clinical workflow. Some of the tools give computerized reminders and alerts for caring providers and patients. The CDSS system also assesses data reports, order sets, diagnostic support, and documentation templates. This system is used by physicians, nurses and health care professionals to prepare for a particular diagnosis as well as reviewing it to enhance the final result. In the health care setting, CDSS enhances medication management, increases medication safety and further minimizes medication prescribing errors. With all these benefits, the computerized clinical decision support system ought to be incorporated in most health care setting to improve health outcome and efficiency.
Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE)
A computerized physician order entry is a process of electronic entry that is composed of medical practitioner instructions for the treatment of patients under care. In this case, the entered codes are transmitted over a computer network to the medical staff that is responsible for satisfying the order. Computerized physician order entry is used to minimize the time taken to distribute and finish orders while at the same time increasing efficiency by decreasing transcription errors such as preventing duplicate order entry. As discussed in Koppel et al. (2015) article, the CPOE reduces the time for distribution by permitting users to electronically write a full range of orders, maintaining online medication administration record and reviewing changes made to order by successive personnel.
CPOE also provide safety alerts that are triggered when an unsafe order such as for duplicate drug therapy is entered as well as clinical decision support to direct health providers to use less expensive alternatives that better fit the hospital protocols. As much as CPOE systems increase efficiency and further improve patient safety and care, it is important to recognize the currently available CPOE systems that need less time and effort to customize before their safety and clinical support features can be implemented. Health centers should consider using computerized physician order entry because it is one of the effective clinical systems that provide quality health care.
Emergency Department Information System (EDIS)
This system is specifically designed to manage information and simplify processes that support patient care and operations in the emergency department. It is used to collect data to capture real-time information about patients and further support the operational control of health. The Emergency Department Information System (EDIS) documents and processes orders as well as communicate with other hospital staff. Some of the main features of the Emergency Department Information System is tracking the patient to coordinate and speed up the patient flow (Grafstein et al. 2013). The Emergency Department Information System also involve discharge planning which provides final diagnoses, patient education and discharge instructions which provide clinicians with information to review the information before the patient is released from the emergency department.
Additionally, the EDIS conducts reimbursement to ensure that hospitals do not lose revenue for allowable emergency department charges and risk management to remind and alert the hospital on the possible risks so that the hospital can modify the current treatment plan for the patient. From the above-mentioned features, it is clear that the EDIS improves productivity and efficiency of the hospital, enhances quality care, provide patient satisfaction and safety, increases revenue and further saves time. Indeed, the emergency department information system is an important clinical system that should be integrated into the emergency department of all hospitals to offer faster and high-quality care for patients.
From the peer-reviewed articles, it is clear that electronic health record, emergency department information system, computerized physician order entry, as well as a clinical decision support system, are some of the clinical systems that are important in the health care settings. Their main responsibility in health care is to improve the quality of health service to increase the outcome and efficiency of health care. Therefore, health care settings need to adopt these clinical systems to enhance patient care.
References
Blumenthal, D., & Tavenner, M. (2014). The “meaningful use” regulation for electronic health records. New England Journal of Medicine , 363 (6), 501-504.
Grafstein, E., Unger, B., Bullard, M., & Innes, G. (2016). Canadian emergency department information system (CEDIS) presenting complaint list (Version 1.0). Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine , 5 (1), 27-34.
Koppel, R., Metlay, J. P., Cohen, A., Abaluck, B., Localio, A. R., Kimmel, S. E., & Strom, B. L. (2015). Role of computerized physician order entry systems in facilitating medication errors. Jama , 293 (10), 1197-1203.
Miller, L. M. S., Gee, P. M., Paterniti, D. A., Ward, D., & Greenwood, D. A. (2015). The eHealth enhanced chronic care model: a theory derivation approach. Journal of medical Internet research , 17 (4), e86.
Roshanov, P. S., Misra, S., Gerstein, H. C., Garg, A. X., Sebaldt, R. J., Mackay, J. A., ... & Haynes, R. B. (2017). Computerized clinical decision support systems for chronic disease management: a decision-maker-researcher partnership systematic review. Implementation Science , 6 (1), 92.
