Piping is the process in which systems of pipes are used to efficiently transport fluids either in gas or liquid form. Piping can also refer to the piping design, the specific layout within a commercial building or a process plant. When it comes to piping the availability and capacity of water is not the primary impact but the pressure rating of pumps at the pumping stations and the capacity of the pipes and also the extent of elevated storage. Generally, pipes are manufactured with steel, asbestos cement, ductile iron, cast iron, polyvinyl chloride [PVC] plastic, or concrete (Sturzenbecker, Adams, Burnside, & International Fire Service Training Association, 2010). In Pipe fittings, they are majorly made of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride [PVC], steel, malleable iron, and cast iron. For a fitting to be robust enough to handle the operation conditions anticipated it must meet the ASMB and ASTM construction standards. The design of a water distribution piping should be able to accommodate current, future domestic, and fire flow demands. For fire hydrant supply pipes should have a diameter of at least 6 inches [150 mm]. The mains should be gridded by 8-inch [200 mm] or larger mains at no more than 600 feet [180 m] intervals (Waseem, 2016). This paper will demonstrate the variables that can affect water piping distribution.
The 3 Variables that affect water piping
The proper type of pipe should be installed per soil type depending on the conditions and pressure of subjection. Though, when mains are installed in an unstable corrosive soil, to strengthen them they are reinforced by a concrete pipe or approved casing materials. Areas close to heavy industrial machinery, areas beneath railroad tracks and highways, or areas prone to earthquakes may require extra protection. The internal surface of the pipe should offer the least potential for friction loss. Some materials are less resistance to water flow than others. The encrustation on the interior surface of the pipe, sedimentation, or corrosion can increase friction loss.
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Generally, good piping depends on the structure of the pipes, the material used, the area of installation and the diameter of the pipes. The allocation of the pipe should be considered for it determines how the pipe fittings.
References
Sturzenbecker, M. J., Adams, B., Burnside, E., & International Fire Service Training Association. (2010). Fire detection and suppression systems . Stillwater, OK: Fire Protection Publications, Oklahoma State University
Waseem, M. N. (2016). Fire Protection Approaches in Site Plan Review . CRC Press.
