The trends of hate crime from 1995 to 2016 according to the UCR, (2018) indicates that the possible causes or contributing factors behind the negative trends in hate crimes are mainly biases. The biases are based on disability, race, gender, and gender identity. The crimes are categorized as single-bias and multiple-bias hate crimes. The victims of a hate crime may be individuals, financial or business institutions, religious organizations, government institutions, or a society as a whole.
Information supporting that hate crime is mostly motivated by race and religion bias exists. According to the UCR, (2018) 4229 single-bias hate crime offenses were reported by the law enforcement agencies to have been motivated by ancestry, race, or ethnicity. The motivators of 50.2% of the offenses were anti-black bias, 20.7% stemmed from anti-White bias, and 10.6% anti-Latino or Hispanic bias. Additional 4.2% crimes were against anti-multiple race groups, 3.8% anti- American Alaska or Indian bias, and 5.8% resulted from anti-other race or ancestry or ethnicity bias. Hate crimes motivated by religious bias, on the other hand, accounted for 1538 crimes. 54% of the crimes were anti-Jews, 24.8% against Muslims, 4.1% against Catholics, 3.1% against multiple religions, and 2.4% against other Christians ( UCR, 2018) .
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The crime pattern from the UCR that most accurately fits the trend of increasing incidences of hate crime is that of bias associated with gender. The cases of hate crimes reported as motivated by gender bias have increased rapidly since 2012, while other types of bias in some years experienced a decline ( UCR, 2018) . The possible cause is the increased desires to maintain power and dominance over a type of gender through sexual terrorism. A common example is where males reinforce sexually constructed views about the nature of women and men, and vent personal frustrations against women or choose to compete in areas traditionally reserved for men.
Reference
UCR. (2018). Hate Crime. Retrieved from https://ucr.fbi.gov/hate-crime
