Research the sampling methodologies used in health care research covered in the textbook this week, and in other readings and resources.
Review the Methods Map Visual Search Tool from Week One to help guide your research.
Part 1
List and provide a brief description of three types of probability and non-probability sampling methodologies (25 to 50 words each).
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
| Probability Sampling Methodologies | Non-probability Sampling Methodologies |
| 1. Simple Random Sampling – This is a completely random way of doing a selection of subjects ( Bacher, 2019 ). It might be as random as just picking subjects based on a number assigned to them. | 1. Quota Sampling – This method employs similarity in the sample of the sample groups and the population samples ( Bacher, 2019 ). That is, the sample population is similar to the whole population. |
| 2. Stratified Random Sampling – it involves the splitting of subjects into groups that are mutually exclusive and then choosing members from the group using simple random sampling ( Bacher, 2019 ) | 2. Convenience Sampling – this involves the collection of samples from a convenient place ( Bacher, 2019 ). This type utilizes the best opportunity that presents itself for sample a given population. |
| 3. Cluster Random Sampling – In this method, a random selection of participants from a list that is too large is used. Selection of a huge population could be done using samples from boundaries, towns or cities. | 3. Heterogeneity sampling – in this type, sample members are chosen in a manner that represents all the views or characteristics of the larger population. It ensures that there is a proper representation of the whole population. |
Answer the following prompt in 50 to 100 words:
Explain the difference between probability and non-probability sampling methodologies.
In a probability sampling, all the members selected or sampled for study have an equal chance to take part in the study by being part of the sample. That ensures that biasness is reduced. Non-probability sampling on the other hand does not consider providing individuals an equal opportunity to become part of the sampled populations ( Bacher, 2019) .
Part 2
List and describe five types of data collection tools or instruments used in research (50 to 100 words each).
| Data Collection Tools or Instruments | Description of Data Collection Tools or Instruments |
| 1.Interviews | Participants interact with in a face to face conversation with an interviewer who records their inputs. It involves the asking of questions and giving answers. Interviewing is more useful in acquiring more profound knowledge from interviewees ( Al-khateeb & Agarwal, 2019 ). That is because an interviewer can read non-verbal cues of communication and get the right perspective of information. |
| 2.Focus Groups | This method involves conducting a live discussion involving a moderator and a group of respondents belonging to a diverse works of life ( Al-khateeb & Agarwal, 2019 ). It is a form of qualitative research that is usually used in marketing research and product marketing. Participants are normally asked to provide answers that are open-ended and convey feelings and thoughts. |
| 3.Surveys | The data from subjects are collected through a variety of sources like social media, emails social media among others. They can take several forms but are normally in questionnaire forms which are either online or written ( Al-khateeb & Agarwal, 2019) . They are in four modes namely; telephone surveys, face-to-face surveys, self-administered computer surveys and self-administered paper and pencil |
| 4.Observation | In this type, the behavior of study subjects is closely and directly studied with no intrusion. The observation technique is normally used in the examination of human behavior ( Al-khateeb & Agarwal, 2019 ). During the documentation of observation results, the observations of the observer are clearly differentiated from those provided by other people. |
| 5.Case studies | Involves an in-depth, up-close and detailed examination of the study subjects and their related contextual conditions. It provides the basis for applying ideas and extending methods ( Al-khateeb & Agarwal, 2019 ). This method is useful for a researcher to have an understanding of a complex issue and provide more strength to what is known already. |
Part 3:
Identify three types of statistical analyses used in research and provide an example of each.
| Type of Statistical Analysis | Define the statistical analysis (25 to 50 words each) | Example of statistical analysis |
| 1.Descriptive Analysis | Provides a description of the basic features of information, summarizing data in a relational manner. | Measures of dispersion and measures of central tendency |
| 2.Inferential Analysis | This is a type of statistical analysis that studies the relationship between variables in a sample where generalization, predictions and conclusions are made about a larger population ( Little & Rubin, 2019 ). | Parameter estimation by taking a sample and saying something about it and using hypothesis tests. |
| 3.Predictive Analytics | Predictive analysis that uses the techniques of machine learning and statistical algorithms to provide a definition of the likelihood of future behavior, results and trends basing on historical and new data ( Little & Rubin, 2019 ). |
Retail seeking for the best ways of boosting its sales and customer relationship ( Little & Rubin, 2019 ). Another example is whether forecasting. |
References
Al-khateeb, S., & Agarwal, N. (2019). Tools and Methodologies for Data Collection, Analysis, and Visualization. In Deviance in Social Media and Social Cyber Forensics (pp. 45-65). Springer, Cham.
Bacher, J. (2019). Probability and Nonprobability Sampling: Representative Surveys of hard-to-reach and hard-to-ask populations. Current surveys between the poles of theory and practice.
Little, R. J., & Rubin, D. B. (2019). Statistical analysis with missing data (Vol. 793). John Wiley & Sons.
