Introduction
United Arab Emirates (UAE) was formed after seven states decided to come together and they have developed from a quite backwater, in the Middle East UAE has grown to be one of the main economic centers. The reason why I have chosen this country is that it is one of the most liberal nations in the Gulf, where other cultures and beliefs are accepted. The country has authoritarian kind of leadership, but their relationship with Iran has not that good due to the territorial dispute over the Gulf Island. The data to be analyzed in this case will be obtained from internet sources, which provide information about the geographical position, climate, topography, natural resources, potential hazards, population density, political system, economic development and social development.
Country Geographical Position
UAE is a relatively small country, which covers an area of about 83,600 km2, and it is situated in the eastern part of the Arab world. This nation found a long a desert stretch of land which is boarded by the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf. 1 The UAE is known to share boundaries with the following nations Saudi Arabian and Oman. This country has a uniquely strategic location since it boards the Gulf of Oman and its stretch towards the Strait of Hormuz. At the strait of the Hormuz, there is where a vital transit point of the world oil is located. UAE has a total of 1,318 kilometers of coastline. UAE has a continental shelf, which stretches for about 200 nautical miles (nm), 200 exclusive economic zones, and 24 nm contiguous zones among others.
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Climate
Most days of the year sunny where summers are very hot and humid, and they experience an average temperate 41.80C and lows of around 29.70C. 2 Winters are hot with an average high temperature of 230C and lows of 140C. The country experiences rain during the month of January, February and March. 3
Topography
UAE lies within the Arabian Desert and the topography of Dubai different from that which is found in the southern parts of the UAE. Within the city, the landscape is characterized by sandy desert patterns, and gravel deserts are found in the southern parts of the country.
Natural Resources
Petroleum and natural gas are the primary natural that UAE enjoys and about 90% of the resources are located in the emirate of Abu Dhabi. The country also had natural freshwater, but it has reduced in quantity due to over-exploitation. The aquifers fell by 10 meters for a period between 1977 and 1984, this has resulted in increases sanity, and there is seepage of seawater into groundwater. 4 The country is also tapping solar energy, which is used to develop the city of Masdar. Other natural resources are rocks and sand, which are used for constructions. Cement is made from limestone, gypsum, marl and sand while there is small-scale mining of chromite.
Potential Hazards
The country has a greater potential regarding development since they generate a lot of revenue from the natural resources, which are Petroleum and natural gas
Population Indicators
A larger population of EAU is found at Dubai, and it has the highest population density. The census, which was conducted by statistic center of Dubai in 2013, shows that its population is approximately 2,269,000. The study also revealed that 214,000 are nationals of UAE while the remaining portions are foreigners. The entire actual population of UAE is estimated to be 9,397,598 according to the 2017 statistics. 5 Population indicators show that the total fertility rate in UAE is 1.725 children/women, net reproduction rate 0.835 surviving daughter/women, sex ratio at birth 1.045 males per female and infant mortality rate 5.322 deaths per 1000 live births.
Figure 1: showing population from 2010-2020 6
Political System
Presently the UAE is viewed as a confederation of seven emirates, and a federal president rules the country. The country also has a prime minister, and this constitutes the executive branch. For efficient management, the seven emirates also have a separate ruler known as the emir. The responsibility and duties of Emir are to control the local government. Similarly, the country has a legislative arm, which comprises of the unicameral federal national council. Additionally, the judicial arm of the government is made up of the union supreme court.
Economic Development
According to the information provided by the World Bank Gross Domestic Product of UAE was about $348.7 billion. 7 This data is updated yearly to ensure the accuracy of the information provided. On the other hand, the World Bank provided Gross national income, and it showed that it was standing at 675.3 billion PPP dollars the same year. 8 In some years, back UAE was the least developed nations around the world, but of late, it has realized an income level that can only be compared to those of industrial nations. UAE did not pass through the development stage as some nation does due to its large oil revenues, which made it jump some stages. 9 Through revenue generated from oil, UAE has managed to achieve economic development within the shortest time possible. The leading sectors of the economy in UAE are the mineral resource extraction. According to the available statistics, extraction of crude oil and natural gas has managed to contribute significantly to the GDP of UAE by approximately 34.3%. 10
Figure 2: showing economic growth performance of UAE 11
The economy of UAE continues to be solid due to the following factors. First, the country is strategically located, and most of the Chinese businesses are using Dubai as a hub for trading with African countries. The country also has strong financial reserves in which it has an active, durable sectors and this makes it safe for investment. 12 The country is also enjoying the largest sovereign wealth fund in the Middle East, and it has been ranked as the fifth largest in the world. Due to natural resources, the country is being considered as the promising investor home economies. Other factors making the country to improve faster in economic development include consistent government spending, free zones, the progressive policy of economic diversification and increased foreign direct investment.
Social Development
Educational level
There is a positive relationship between the economic growth and education in the UAE. The determinants of increasing productivity are education and training, and they help in diffusing growth. Education is significant since it helps in developing necessary skills for modernization and growth in the UAE. 13 The government of UAE has managed to provide free education to all UAE citizens and by extension to the Arabic speaking children and they later employed in public sector. 14 Educational institutions in UAE comprises of vocational training, higher education, military schools, public and private sector. 15
Health of the Population
Policies of economic development tend to focus on improving the health of the population. If the people are healthy, it implies that they can contribute to economic development. According to the available statistics, about 99% of the entire populations in UAE have access to health services, 95% have access to clean water, and 77% have access to sanitation.
Internet Penetration Rate
According to the projection provided from 2013-2019, it shows that many people are going to be users of the internet. 16 The rate of internet penetration in UAE is very high this is because in 2015 about 76.6% of the populations were using the internet. Projections show that this percentage is going to grow by 2019 to 80.2%. 17
Figure 3: showing interent penetration 18
Conclusion
United Arab Emirates (UAE) was formed after seven states decided to come together and they have developed from a quiet backwater, in the Middle East UAE has grown to be one of the main economic centers. Other factors making the country to improve faster in economic development include consistent government spending, free zones, a progressive policy of economic diversification and increased foreign direct investment. The government of UAE has managed to provide free education to all UAE citizens and by extension to Arabic speaking children and they are later employed in the public sector.
Bibliography
Al ‐ Suwaidi, Abdulla. "The United Arab Emirates at 40: a balance sheet." Middle East Policy 18, no. 4 (2011): 44-58.
Delgado, Pedro Alexandre Azevedo Dias Lima. "The United Arab Emirates case of economic success: the Federal Government Economic Policies." PhD diss., 2016.
Niblock, Tim, ed. Social and economic development in the Arab Gulf (RLE economy of Middle East) . Routledge, 2015.
Undata | Country Profile | United Arab Emirates". 2018. Data.Un.Org . http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=United%20Arab%20Emirates .
1 Al ‐ Suwaidi, Abdulla. "The United Arab Emirates at 40: a balance sheet." Middle East Policy 18, no. 4 (2011): 44-58.
2 Undata | Country Profile | United Arab Emirates". 2018. Data.Un.Org . http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=United%20Arab%20Emirates .
3 Al ‐ Suwaidi, Abdulla. "The United Arab Emirates at 40: a balance sheet." Middle East Policy 18, no. 4 (2011): 44-58.
4 Al ‐ Suwaidi, Abdulla. "The United Arab Emirates at 40: a balance sheet." Middle East Policy 18, no. 4 (2011): 44-58.
5 Undata | Country Profile | United Arab Emirates". 2018. Data.Un.Org . http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=United%20Arab%20Emirates .
6 Al ‐ Suwaidi, Abdulla. "The United Arab Emirates at 40: a balance sheet." Middle East Policy 18, no. 4 (2011): 44-58.
7 Delgado, Pedro Alexandre Azevedo Dias Lima. "The United Arab Emirates case of economic success: the Federal Government Economic Policies." PhD diss., 2016.
8 Niblock, Tim, ed. Social and economic development in the Arab Gulf (RLE economy of Middle East) . Routledge, 2015.
9 Delgado, Pedro Alexandre Azevedo Dias Lima. "The United Arab Emirates case of economic success: the Federal Government Economic Policies." PhD diss., 2016.
10 Niblock, Tim, ed. Social and economic development in the Arab Gulf (RLE economy of Middle East) . Routledge, 2015.
11 Niblock, Tim, ed. Social and economic development in the Arab Gulf (RLE economy of Middle East) . Routledge, 2015.
12 Delgado, Pedro Alexandre Azevedo Dias Lima. "The United Arab Emirates case of economic success: the Federal Government Economic Policies." PhD diss., 2016.
13 Niblock, Tim, ed. Social and economic development in the Arab Gulf (RLE economy of Middle East) . Routledge, 2015.
14 Delgado, Pedro Alexandre Azevedo Dias Lima. "The United Arab Emirates case of economic success: the Federal Government Economic Policies." PhD diss., 2016.
15 Niblock, Tim, ed. Social and economic development in the Arab Gulf (RLE economy of Middle East) . Routledge, 2015.
16 Delgado, Pedro Alexandre Azevedo Dias Lima. "The United Arab Emirates case of economic success: the Federal Government Economic Policies." PhD diss., 2016.
17 Niblock, Tim, ed. Social and economic development in the Arab Gulf (RLE economy of Middle East) . Routledge, 2015.
18 Delgado, Pedro Alexandre Azevedo Dias Lima. "The United Arab Emirates case of economic success: the Federal Government Economic Policies." PhD diss., 2016.
