1. Urban migration is a major challenge to developing countries. Cities possess economic, social and cultural resources that are easily accessible (de Andrade et al., 2015). In most cases, lack of job opportunities in rural areas causes people to move to cities. Indeed, the probability of landing on a job in the city is much higher because of the availability of many companies (de Andrade et al., 2015). Access to education is another factor. There are more schools in the cities as compared to the rural areas. The schools in the cities have enough human resource that gives quality education (de Andrade et al., 2015). Therefore, many parents will move to the city to have their children get the best education. Moreso, healthcare services are available, easily accessed and reliable in the urban regions (de Andrade et al., 2015). On the contrary, people in the countryside suffer due to lack of enough doctors and nurses. There is few or no medication in the medical centres available (Bambra, 2016). Due to fear of loss of life, people move to the cities to be safe.
Consequently, urban migration leads to overpopulation in the cities. Most people end up unemployed thereby posing a threat to the working class. This has caused “civil unrest” and violence which result in loss of life. Again, lack of housing has paved the way for slums that interfere with water and sewer systems making it hard for the government to control and manage outburst of diseases (Bambra, 2016).
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2. Obtaining an education in developing countries is frustrated by the following: poverty, civil wars, gender discrimination, disability and harmful cultural practices (de Andrade et al., 2015). Low-income families cannot raise school fees and other stationery. Preferably, these children are to work to sustain their families. Massive school drop-outs have been witnessed in war areas (de Andrade et al., 2015). Education should be of priority to realise the hidden potential in the young generation. It is through education that development can be realized. Poverty can be eradicated if the population is vested with the skills needed for self-employment.
3. The North and South divide represents the state of inequality between the wealthy developed countries of the North and the poor developing ones of the South (Bambra, 2016). The best healthcare systems are found in the south which has a thriving economy (Bambra, 2016). Sadly, the South is marred by poverty and low socio-economic status which greatly accounts for the poor health of its population (Bambra, 2016). Despite such challenges, leaders in developing countries should strive to improve the health care systems and the health of their population. These countries should adopt a licensing policy or the both professional and facilities (Bambra, 2016). Practising certificates should be issued to qualified personnel. This way the risk of malpractice can be effectively reduced. Leaders should invest in training to enable the staff to uses current technologies available (Bambra, 2016). Also, advice to the population on family planning will help reduce the level of poverty.
4. Developing countries need support and aid from the international community to be able to handle their national affairs. These lending institutions include the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and World Health Organization to mention but a few. However, the level of bureaucracy incorporated in the process causes frustration (de Andrade et al., 2015). The conditions imposed on such aids are overwhelming to the economy of developing countries (de Andrade et al., 2015). Consequently, developing countries are subjected to huge inevitable debts that in turn raise the cost of living.
Thoughtfully, the leadership systems of developing countries abstract the poor people from accessing foreign aid. Corruption clothes the channel of accession. The lending institutions should directly deal with community-based organisations, disregard the leadership channel and directly involve the poor people. Surveys can be done through interviews to ascertain whether help has indeed reached the poor people. Finally, supervisory teams should be sent to witness direct distribution.
References
Bambra, C. (2016). Health divides: where you live can kill you . Policy Press.
de Andrade, L. O. M., Pellegrini Filho, A., Solar, O., Rígoli, F., de Salazar, L. M., Serrate, P. C.
F., ... & Atun, R. (2015). Social determinants of health, universal health coverage, and sustainable development: case studies from Latin American countries. The Lancet , 385 (9975), 1343 -1351.
