What are ethics?
Ethics are moral codes that dictate our conscience and how we make decisions. Ethics also involve virtues, right versus wrong and the rules of conduct set in an organization.
Why do ethics vary from person to person?
Even though some ethics are universal, ethics can vary from one person to another Experiences can inform our ethics. Thus, ethics can vary from person to person based on the difference between their individual experiences. Equally, society or culture in which one is brought up can define one’s ethics. Different cultures present different ethics that identify with a particular person, which leads to different ethics in the individual.
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What are the key features of consequentialist theories?
The consequentialist theories assert that consequences inform our judgment. One of the key features of the consequentialist is that one should evaluate if the consequences of an action are good for him/her alone and not others. This feature is linked to the egoists or ethical egoism. Utilitarians insist that other people should be considered when making decisions. Another feature is that some good should be achieved and the perfection of human traits. Equally, the consequentialists believe that one should do just enough goodness or based on what degree we seek.
What are the key features of utilitarianism?
The hedonic calculus, which defines pleasure or pain is one of the features of utilitarianism. Hedonic calculus defines happiness based on the less pain. Equally, an action is deemed good based on the value of consequences. The key feature of utilitarianism is the sovereign masters, which are happiness/pleasure and pain.
What are the key features of ethical egoism?
Ethical egoism insists that an individual ought to act according to their own self-interest. Ethical egoism does not concern itself with how an individual’s actions will affect her group or other people. Being concerned with other people does not advance our self-interest. Another feature of ethical egoism is that self-concern promotes the attainment of goals and success.
What are the differences between utilitarianism and ethical egoism?
Utilitarianism insists that our actions must produce greater good/happiness for the greatest number. Whilst ethical egoism asserts that our action should produce good for self albeit the society. Utilitarianism posits that our action should reflect the concern of others; while ethical egoism postulates that actions should focus on our own happiness as opposed to others. Therefore, the distinction between utilitarianism and ethical egoism is the concern for self for ethical egoism; and for the society- is a concern for utilitarianism.
