Exercise 1: Data Interpretation
What patterns do you observe based on the information in Table 4?
Based on the information in table 4 above, I observe that the dissolved oxygen increases constantly while the fish population increases and decreases in an irregular pattern. This can be interpreted in two different ways. Initially, the population of the fish is directly proportional to the as seen from column 1 to 7 where we have 15 fishes in 12ppm of dissolved oxygen. Whereas column 7 and 8 indicated the transition as they depict inverse proportion between them, the subsequent columns (9 and 10) assume direct proportionality. This represents the first way of interpreting the information. The second way is that, the fewer the fish the higher the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water
Develop a hypothesis relating to the amount of dissolved oxygen measured in the water sample and the number of fish observed in the body of water.
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
If the number or the population of the fish increases or is increased the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water sample will decrease. According to Mohammad, Krishna, Lamma and Khan (2015), the mortality rate of the fishes will increase if the amount or the concentration of the dissolved oxygen in the water goes below the equilibrium level.
What would your experimental approach be to test this hypothesis?
My experimental approach in testing this hypothesis will involve carrying out two separate experiments using two containers whereby container 1 contains less population of fishes while container 2 contains the maximum population of fishes. These two containers will be observed as the water quality is constantly altered in succession by 2ppm of dissolved oxygen. I will then remove fish from container 2 and add fish to container 1 and then observe the effects of the changes to the quality of the water as a result of these changes in both containers.
What would be the independent and dependent variables?
In this experiment, the independent variable is the population of the fishes while the dependent variable is the water quality or the amount of the dissolved oxygen in the water.
What would be your control?
My control will be water obtained from the same source, reinforced with strict, constant and equal succession of the amount (rate) of dissolved oxygen, use fishes of the same size, health and weight, same experimental temperature, and experiments started and ended at the same time.
Exercise 2: Experimental Variables.
Independent Variable: Habitat space
Dependent Variable: Size of fish population
Controls: Same type and amount of food, Equal maintenance and cleaning throughout the experiment, Constant temperature of the water, Equal time between start and end of the experiment.
Determining whether the type of the agar affects bacterial growth.
Independent Variable: Type of agar
Dependent Variable: Bacterial (E.coli) growth
Controls: MacConkey agar and E.coli (positive control), Nutrient agar but no E.coli (Negative control)
Exercise 3: Testable Observations
Plant growth rate: Testable
The observation is quantitative as the exact length grown by the plant can be measured.
Hypothesis: Plant placed on the window sill grows faster than those placed on a coffee table in the middle of the living room.
Null hypothesis: Plants that are not placed on the window sill do grow at the same growth rate as those placed on the window sill.
Experimental approach: The experiment can be carried out using two identical plants with the same quality of soil as well as same length. Naturally, plants may require different nutrients to grow well but for this experiment we focus on the importance of sunlight in the rate of plants’ growth. Plants’ growth rate is faster in the presence of sunlight but the rate of growth depends on the position of the plant. As a result, one plant (plant one) will be placed on the window sill and the other plant (plant two) is placed on the table in the middle of the living room. With this arrangement, plant one will have access to the sunlight while plant two will not have access to sunlight. After the experiment is set and started both plants will then be provided with the necessary and equal nutrients, water. Observable changes in structure and growth are then monitored and documented at the same time every day for one week. The results at the end of the week is the analyzed, compared and used to conclude whether the stated hypotheses are null or true.
Dependent variable is plant growth rate while independent variable is location of the plant.
Controls: Plants placed on the window sill which can access sunlight and grow faster (positive control) and pants not placed on the window sill which have no access to sunlight hence do not grow (Negative control).
How to collect data: Observable changes in structure and growth are then monitored and documented at the same time everyday for one week.
Data presentation: Data is presented using line graphs
How data will be analyzed: The data is analyzed by comparing daily changes in the plant height and structure and used to draw conclusion.
The bank teller with brown hair and brown eyes is taller than the other tellers.
Yes, it is testable.
The observation is qualitative.
Hypothesis : Bank tellers with brown hair and brown eyes are taller than other tellers.
Null hypothesis: Bank tellers without brown hair and brown eyes are not taller than those with brown hair and brown eyes.
Experimental approach: The experiment can be conducted by comparing bank tellers with brown hair and eyes and other bank tellers without brown hair and eyes. Results are then documented and analyzed to conclude whether the stated hypotheses are true or not.
Independent variable is hair and eyes color while independent variable is height.
Controls: Brown hair and brown eyes (positive control) and other colored eyes and hair (negative control).
Data is collected by measuring the height of the bank tellers with brown hair and eyes and the height of the other tellers and recorded.
Data is presented using bar graphs.
Data is analyzed by comparing the height of bank tellers with brown hair and eyes and the result used to conclude whether the stated hypothesis is true or not.
When Sally eats healthy food and exercises regularly, her blood pressure is 10 points lower than when she does not exercise regularly and eats fatty foods.
Yes it is testable.
The observation is qualitative
Hypothesis : Regular exercise and health diet lowers the blood pressure by 10 points in comparison to lack of regular exercise and eating foods with high fats.
Null hypothesis: Eating fatty foods and not exercising regularly lowers blood pressure by 10 points.
Experimental approach: Despite blood pressure being affected by other factors such as the activity, temperature, and some other healthy conditions, the main cause of changes in blood pressure is the kind of food eaten and whether one exercises regularly. Taking this into consideration, the experiment requires that two schedules are prepared for Sally. One week of eating unhealthy food and not exercising and another one week of eating healthy and regular exercise. Vital statistics which include blood pressure are recorded daily at the same time in the first week and in the second week. The result is then analyzed.
Independent variables are type of food eaten and frequency of exercise while Dependent variable is change in blood pressure .
Controls: Person having a healthy diet and regular daily exercise (positive control) and a person eating food without having regular daily exercise (Negative control).
Data collection will be through measuring of blood pressure on daily basis at the same time for the two weeks.
Data presentation is done using a line graph.
Data is analyzed by comparing the data collected and documented in the two weeks.
The Italian restaurant across the street closes at 9 pm, but the restaurant two blocks away closes at 10 pm.
The observation is not testable.
For the past two days, the clouds have come out at 3 pm, and it has started raining at 3:15 pm.
The observation is not testable.
George did not sleep at all the night following the start of Daylight savings Time.
The observation is not testable.
Exercise 4: Conversion
46,756,790 mg= 46.75679 kg
5.6 hours= 20160 seconds
13.5 cm= 5.31496 inches
47 F= 8.33 degree celcius.
References
Craig, S., Helfrich, L. A., Kuhn, D., & Schwarz, M. H. (2017). Understanding fish nutrition, feeds, and feeding.
Mohammad, M. J., Krishna, P. V., Lamma, O. A., & Khan, S. (2015). Analysis of water quality using limnological studies of Wyra reservoir, Khammam District, Telangana, India. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 4(2), 880-895.
Santos, R., Joyeux, A., Besnard, A., Blanchard, C., Halkett, C., Bony, S., ... & Devaux, A. (2017). An integrative approach to assess ecological risks of surface water contamination for fish populations. Environmental Pollution, 220, 588-596.
