The document on the beginning of the scientific revolution is an illustration of the various improvements in science that helped science, technology, anatomy, and medical fields to arrive at the current states. The scientific revolution indicates that the formalization of key findings was challenging due to the lack of machinery, the religious beliefs, and the norms that tended to be against science. Others followed the errors of a key scientist due to the fear of trying to oppose the findings even if there were observations. These fears as time passed and new technology to aid dispute and correct such errors. The other major finding in the paper is the depiction of the international character involving people from different parts of the world mainly Europe to make these scientific discoveries that have shaped the world today (Daempfle, 2013). These discoveries have aided in subsequent developments in science and medicine following similar international corporation through theorizing, data collection, formulating hypotheses, and testing new technology. The descriptions indicated is similar to the medical discoveries following the Black Death when it struck Europe in the 14th century.
Black Death plague was one of the most catastrophic ailment in the world and mainly Europe. The fatal illness at a time when the medieval medicine that is largely due to the strict adherence to the authorities and the inability or reluctance to change the physiology and disease presented. Although there were medical theory and practice based on theories of the likes of Hippocrates, and Aristotle in 4th and Galen theory in 2nd century BCE had helped people determine that diseases were not caused by religious beliefs but the physical explanation given were erroneous. The European hence adopted Greek medical theories that were translated from Arabic as all Galen’s were in Arabic. Some of the translators became physicians themselves, for instance, Ibn Sina whose works Namely The Canon of Medicine was adopted for use in Europe. The many physicians and medical meant that by the use of the Muslim treatments, Black Death would not have been such catastrophic but with most of the nations’ using catholic education, church authorities were able to limit the practice of autopsy. Pope Boniface VIII in 1300, forbade the mutilation of bodies which would have aided the research of enabling determining the cause Black Death would be realized but the restrictions followed by all such the medical faculty in University of France and other universities apart from University of Padua. Christians claimed the plague was from God or Satan or as punishment just as described in the Bible in Exodus similar to the buboes, which continued to the 17th century.
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The Humoral theory that the world was composed of earth, air, water, and the fire was prevalent in the world at the time. Galen advocated the use of astrology but the Europeans at the time did not believe in it. Germs caused the plague as described by Hippocrates but nobody knew where the germs came from hence the many claims of explaining where the germs came from. Jean de Venette noted that the ailment was contagious and any healthy person who visited a sick person would contact the ailment (Vanneste, 2010). This discovery was an improvement to the findings from the Muslims counterpart thus depicting the improvement following Arabs and European working together. John of Fordun helped spread the news to stop children or parents who were healthy in Scotland to visit sick relatives (Legan, 2015). The plague led to cleaner hospitals in Europe in the determination and belief that the ailment was because of germs from polluted air or other things like a flea from rodents.
As time passed and technology that led to the development of microscope technology, the generation microbiologists were able to investigate the unseen organism. Many scientists contribute the formation of germ theory, but Pasteur and Koch, a Frenchman, and German achieved its proving respectively. Pasteur intended to determine the organism that caused fermentation, which led to more studies and tests. Pasteur ability to show that germs lived under 50–60°C, in wine, helped in further studies and enabled his ability to discover several species of bacteria and ways of making vaccinations. Through his discoveries, Koch was able to correct anthrax virus and grow them in flask leading to the determination that they caused anthrax. The earlier testing and discovery of vaccination by Edward Jenner in the use of cowpox to treat smallpox.
References
Daempfle, P. (2013). Good science, bad science, pseudoscience, and just plain bunk: How to tell the difference .
Legan, J. A., (2015). The Medical Response to the Black Death . Senior Honors Projects. Paper 103
Vanneste, S. F., (2010). The Black Death And The Future Of Medicine . Wayne State University Theses. Paper 29
