Biomolecules are also known as biological molecules, and there are four major types of biomolecules, i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Carbohydrates are the most common type of biological molecules, and they are found in almost all types of foods. For instance, rice and potatoes, as well as vegetables, have carbohydrates in them. Lipids are found in oils, fats, and butter. Proteins can be found in green leafy vegetables, meat, and beans. The nucleic acid is the genetic material of all organisms, and when cells of organisms are eaten, DNA is ingested and digested (Akhtar, & Goyal, 2015).
Nucleic acids are the DNA and the RNA, and their functions are to store an organism’s genetic code. The genetic code is a sequence of a nucleotide that determines the proteins’ amino acid sequence. Nucleic acids contain nucleotides, and there are five of them. These are guanine, cytosine, and adenine which are found in both nucleic acids. Uracil is only found in RNA while thymine is only found in DNA. They are separated through hydrolysis, and they are obtained from foods such as vegetables, organic meats, and fish. Lipids are energy-rich hydrophobic molecules that are not formed from monomers. They include sterols and fats, and unsaturated fatty acids contain a double bond in their structure while saturated fatty acids do not have a double bond. Lipids are obtained from whole milk, cheese, and vegetable oil. Proteins are formed from amino acids, and they have different functions in the body, which are determined their shape. There are proteins with a tertiary structure and those with a quaternary structure. In the everyday diet, they are found from eggs, beans, and meat (Hoefnagels, 2017).
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Carbohydrates are formed from simple sugars and polysaccharides which are long carbohydrate chains. Monomers of carbohydrates are monosaccharides. It is important to consume all types of biomolecules because they are the building blocks of living organisms and make up the whole organism (Akhtar, & Goyal, 2015).
References
Akhtar, N., & Goyal, D. (2015). Cell and Molecular Biology. In P. Khurana & M. Singh (Eds.), Biotechnology: Progress and Prospects (pp. 61-99). Texas: Studium Press.
Hoefnagels, M. (2017). Cells. In Biology: Concepts and Investigations (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education,.
