Complexity science is an interdisciplinary field of science that deals with the understanding of complex systems. Therefore, complexity science is applied in organizational leadership to achieve adaptive and interactive outcomes. Previous systems of leadership adopt a top-down hierarchical approach of leadership, which is more production oriented. Such a system is not effective in the current information age, where organizations are considered knowledge oriented. By applying complexity science in leadership, organizations adopt adaptive outcomes through innovation, learning, and adaptability ( Johnson-Kanda, 2018) . Complexity science allows organizational leaders to build complex structures with multiple changeable hierarchies that foster innovation, creativity, and adaptability. Complexity science, therefore, makes leadership apply a dynamic governing approach compared to traditional hierarchical methods.
Leaders leverage the leverage complexity science models in organizations to foster creativity, innovation, and adaptability. Complexity science distinguishes adaptable leaders from managers where leaders adapt to emerging organizational challenges and provide long term solutions. Adaptive leadership, therefore, requires that leaders focus on learning to understand organizational needs better and become flexible where required ( Uhl-Bien, 2007) . Complexity science makes decision making in organizational leadership unpredictable, offering a competitive edge over rival organizations. By leveraging the various structural aspects of complexity science organizations achieve adaptive leadership structures that guarantee successful outcomes.
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In the current information age, the fields of quantum mechanics and chaos mathematics have advanced significantly, allowing for interdisciplinary applications, including leadership. Quantum mechanics is the study of subatomic particles in motion, while chaos mathematics deals with chaos unpredictability. Therefore, these concepts are applied in leadership to understand various organizational challenges. Quantum mechanic skills allow leaders to enhance their understanding and perceptions regarding operations and decision making ( Edmonstone, 2016) . Leaders become highly perceptive of adaptive outcomes allowing them to be dynamic and intuitive. These skills are essential in organizational leadership to achieve adaptive outcomes through creativity and innovation. Similarly, chaos mathematic is applied in leadership in decision making, where leaders achieve effective decision making by considering different business outcomes.
References
Edmonstone, J. (2016). Complex adaptive leadership: embracing paradox and uncertainty.
Johnson-Kanda, I., & Yawson, R. M. (2018, May). Complex Adaptive Leadership for Organization and Human Development. In Proceedings of the 55th Annual Eastern Academy of Management Conference, Providence, RI .
Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., & McKelvey, B. (2007). Complexity leadership theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era. The leadership quarterly , 18 (4), 298-318.
