Prompt 1
Informed consent is a lawful and moral obligation for studies where human beings serve as test subjects. There are many elements of informed consent such as a statement of what the study entails, explaining the purpose and time that the study will take to the participant and a description of the procedures and experiments to follow (Nijhawan et al., 2013). The researcher must describe any benefits aside from monetary compensation. The subject must be made aware of any alternative procedures or courses of treatment and the extent to which their records will be kept safe (Gupta, 2013). The subjects must also be made aware of where to seek medical treatments in case the study involves more than minimal risk. The researcher must inform participants of the amount in compensation or remuneration to get if any and information of whom to reach to answer relevant queries on the study (Gupta, 2013). Finally, the researchers must make it known that involvement is not a must and rejection to partake at any given period will not include a consequence nor will they lose any of the acquired reimbursements entitled to them (Wendler, 2018). When some of these elements are not adhered to the participant may end up getting injured due to a procedure done on them. The research is then liable for clinical malpractice.
References
Gupta U. C. (2013). Informed consent in clinical research: Revisiting few concepts and areas. Perspectives in clinical research, 4(1), 26–32. doi:10.4103/2229-3485.106373
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Nijhawan, L. P., Janodia, M. D., Muddukrishna, B. S., Bhat, K. M., Bairy, K. L., Udupa, N., & Musmade, P. B. (2013). Informed consent: Issues and challenges. Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research, 4(3), 134.
Wendler, D. (2018). Innovative approaches to informed consent for randomized clinical trials: identifying the ethical challenges. Clinical Trials, 15(1), 17-20.
Prompt 2
The environment in which a nurse works in has the potential to affect how the nurse performs. To facilitate the care of chronically ill patients through the ethical practice of nurses, the environment must support interdisciplinary approaches and full participation of nurses in the care of the patient (Mohanti, 2009). It should also have adequate and novel resources that will support the care of these patients (Kieft et al., 2014). The right of a patient to access care is often not implemented, although they are entitled to it regardless of their gender, racial, social, or economic disparities (Salmond & Echevarria, 2017). To improve patient’s access to care, nurses need to advocate for their patients right to care, manage the demands of their patient and create a schedule that incorporates all patients in need of medical attention (Salmond & Echevarria, 2017). Nurses can help in protecting the patients’ rights by knowing the wishes of their patients and voicing them to other personnel involved in the care of the patient (Nitzky, 2018). Nurses could also educate their patients on their rights so that they are aware of what they are entitled to (Nitzky, 2018). Finally, nurses can connect patients to available resources and ensuring check for any errors or conflicting orders to ensure the patient safety.
References
Kieft, R. A., de Brouwer, B. B., Francke, A. L., & Delnoij, D. M. (2014). How nurses and their work environment affect patient experiences of the quality of care: a qualitative study. BMC health services research, 14(1), 249.
Mohanti B. K. (2009). Ethics in palliative care. Indian journal of palliative care, 15(2), 89–92. doi:10.4103/0973-1075.58450
Nitzky, A. (2018). Six ways nurses can advocate for patients. Oncology Nursing News. Retrieved from https://www.oncnursingnews.com/contributor/alene-nitzky/2018/08/six-ways-nurses-can-advocate-for-patients
Salmond, S. W., & Echevarria, M. (2017). Healthcare Transformation and Changing Roles for Nursing. Orthopedic nursing, 36(1), 12–25. doi:10.1097/NOR.0000000000000308
