Any theoretical framework, initially, involves the conceptualization of existing theories within a given study in order for it to attain the establishment of fairly more correct resolutions. The framework must show a deep understanding of the theory in question and of all concepts that are of relevance to the subject of the study and also, must express a wider knowledge of all areas relative to the field under consideration. Explanatory power, appropriateness, and ease of application are some of the factors that influence the selection of a theory. Usually, the theoretical framework strengthens the study in various ways that include but are not limited to; the reader being encouraged to evaluate the study more critically due to the explicit statement of theoretical assumptions. The framework also permits the researcher to transition intellectually from giving simple descriptions of the observed phenomenon to generalizing the various aspects of that phenomenon, through the articulation of the theoretical assumptions. Further, an ideal theory should enable the theorist to identify the limits to such generalizations. These are the background information behind Faye Abdella’s, whose person I’ll take up in this paper, formulation of the theory; twenty-one nursing problems. The theory focuses on delivering nursing care to every individual that’s in need of it so as to meet the physical, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, and social needs of the patients together with their families (Kim, 2010). I developed the theory in four stages as is discussed in the paper.
Stage 1: Theorizing
I developed some concepts of what nursing is and of what it is not. Firstly, it is important at this point, for us to conceptualize nursing, which by simple definition is a helping profession, where comprehensive health care services are offered in order to meet the patients’ medical needs. Nursing restores or increases the ability of an individual to help him or herself. To this end, public health care could only be conclusively dealt with, if a theory that had extensive frameworks within which nursing could be worked out was devised. As such, I felt it necessary to approach nursing care from the perspective of 21 problems. These problems had to be dealt with in order for general body well-being to be attained. In turn, these necessitated further conceptualization and led me to determine the second concept behind my theorization. This is health, where illness is excluded, and there are no needs that are unmet and no impairments are either anticipated or actually realized (Gil, 2014). Seeing as public healthcare is preoccupied with the interests of mankind, the third concept revolves around the person, in this case, described as anyone who has social, physical, or emotional needs. A person is the recipient of nursing care.
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Stage 2 Syntax
The theory ascribes various definitions to different terms within the field of medical care. The most basic ones of the needs of patients are represented in terms of the maintenance of physical comfort and good hygiene so as to enhance optimal health in form of activities such as exercise, sleep, and rest, and also, in order to promote patients’ safety through protection from health hazards such as trauma, accidents, and injuries. Further, patients’ safety includes prevention of the spread of diseases (Alligood, 2014). On the other hand, physical comfort also includes the maintenance of good body mechanics and the prevention or correction of body deformation. The theory defines sustenal care needs as those needs that facilitate the maintenance of oxygen supply to the body cells alongside body cells nutrition, and also, the maintenance of bodily mechanisms that serve elimination, regulatory, electrolyte and fluid balance, and sensory functions.
Stage 3: Theory testing
The theory’s application by educational researchers at various medical training facilities went to foster the awareness of the student body in regard to the identification of the problems and needs of patients through the ten steps that are provided. Further, medical researchers have used the theory to help nurses develop a treatment typology using the eleven nursing skills that the theory provides, so as to enhance patient care (Oyira, Ella, Chukwudi & Paulina, 2016).
Stage 4: Evaluation
The theory is useful in the nursing practice as it is used by nurses in various healthcare facilities to facilitate and assure patients’ physical comfort and good hygiene, to maintain effective communication, and to create a therapeutic environment in order for a more holistic kind of treatment to be attainable. The theory is also applied in the use of communal resources and helps in solving the problems that are brought about by illness. Also, it enhances the acceptance of the possible optimum goals relative to emotional and physical limitations (Gil,2014).
The theory of twenty-one nursing problems is developed using the four steps that include, theorizing, syntax, test theory, and evaluation. The four steps give a description of the different aspects of the theory.
References
Alligood, M. R. (2014). Nursing theorists and their work . Publisher: St. Louis, Missouri : Elsevier.
Gil Wayne, RN (2014) Faye G. Abdellah’s 21 Nursing Problems Theory. Retrieved from
http://nurseslabs.com/faye-g-abdellahs-21-nursing-problems-theory/
Kim, H. S. (2010). The nature of theoretical thinking in nursing . New York, NY: Springer Publ. Co.
Oyira, E. J., Ella, R. E., Chukwudi, U. E., & Paulina, A. I. (2016). Knowledge Practice and Outcome of Quality Nursing Care Among Nurses in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH). Journal of Education and Training Studies , 4 (11), 179-193.
