Domestic violence has far-reaching consequences. One need first to explore the concerns of the victims in a non-judgmental manner to ensure the confidential nature of the discussion is reinforced and the victim feels safe. Also, to see the passion of the victim, without children or the partner. Therefore, one can only support the victim’s course of action if it leads to desirable outcomes. However, if the course of action adversely impacts on the individual, then an individual should not support such actions. For instance, one wanting to continue staying with the perpetrator despite the high chance of being killed or having experienced persistent threats. However, the abused individuals should be asked to reach out for support from a friend, someone they trust, family member, or domestic violence helpline.
I) Types of elder abuse
Physical abuse- results from the use of any physical force that causes body injury, impairment, or physical pain.
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Sexual abuse- Sex contact with an elderly without obtaining consent.
Psychological abuse- inflicting pain, distress, or anguish via non-verbal or verbal acts.
Neglect- Failure to fulfill any duty of a one’s obligations to an elder.
Abandonment- Deserting an elderly by one responsible for providing needs for an elder .
Financial/Material exploitation- Improper or illegal utilization of an elder ’s property, money, or assets.
Self-neglect- Character of an elderly individual, which threatens her/his safety or health.
Irene- Both physical and neglect. She sustained physical injuries. Moreover , the person who was supposed to cater for her needs never did so.
The phrase “Elder abuse is often domestic violence grown old” based on Brandl and Cook-Daniels’ research
Brandl and Daniels indicate that the elderly people currently being abused have had abusive or had been in abusive relationships for more than a year. Moreover, the elderly person now abused also was abused at one time in his or her past life. Also, victims of abuse encompass the older Americans.
I) Categories of child maltreatment outlined by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Child neglect- Failing to provide for children’s essential needs.
Mental injury- Entails omissions activities by responsible individual or parent, which impact negatively on cognitive, mental disorder, or emotions of the child.
Physical abuse- Includes causing injury by beating, burning, or punching the child.
Sexual abuse - Includes intercourse, incest, rape, exhibitionism, fondling of the child’s genitals, and sexual exploitation.
Child vulnerability- Features that predispose a child to any form of physical abuse.
II) Egan case
Physical abuse- The injury that Egan sustained in the brain, which made him hospitalized is believed to be associated with trauma, although it was not fully established whether his father, David, was responsible.
Levels of social-ecological model to present potential strategies for averting child maltreatment and their respective examples
Individual level- Involves finding out personal history and biological factors, which enhances the likelihood of one being a perpetrator or victim of violence. Interventions are geared towards averting violence and are designed to promote beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. For instance, life skills training and educating one on violence and its adverse effects.
Relationship level- Prevention measures at this level are family-focused or parenting prevention programs. For instance, mentoring the family and peers help prevents violence by promoting healthy relationships and fostering problem-solving skills.
Community level- It explores the social settings of the child, in which interactions occur and determines the features that facilitate violence. Prevention measures at this level are developed to affect the physical and social environment. For example, reducing social isolation and improving policies within social settings such as schools.
Societal level- Intervention strategies at this level address many factors that encourage violence, including cultural and social norms. A good example is educating the public and forming appropriate social policies to help create and maintain social equalities in society. Also, legislation to encourage workers to offer family-leave packages and schedules that are flexible for both women and men.
I) Factors that affect the long-term consequences of child abuse and neglect for different children according to Child Welfare Information Gateway Fact Sheet
A child’s level of maturity, developmental status, and age at the time he or she abused affects the consequences of abuse and neglect. The kind of abuse the child undergoes and the frequency, severity and duration of the maltreatment also affect . Additionally, the type of relationship between the perpetrator and the child impairs the outcome of the neglect and abuse.
II) What is resilience about child abuse and neglect according to Child Welfare Information Gateway Fact Sheet
The ability to thrive and cope after an adverse experience related to neglect or abuse . In this scenario, a child emerges relatively unscathed while others do not despite suffering abuse and neglect under the same circumstances. The resilience occurs from a mixture of protective and risk factors that cause a child to experience the positive reaction despite the adverse experiences.
