Human development is the process that helps to comprehend the reason people across all ages and circumstances transform over time. It is a process of measuring the actual progress of human beings. There are several theories of human development.
Freud believed that the human development is made of three parts that work together. These three parts are the id, the ego and the superego. These parts are integrated during the five stages of psychosexual development (Bowlby 2013).
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Erikson theory is the modification of Freud’s controversial theory of psychosexual development. He insists that the ego is essential to development because in each development stage it masters attitudes, ideas and skills. This helps children to grow into successful members of the society.
According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive developments, cognitive abilities develop through four specific stages. His theory is based on the idea that children gather knowledge as they discover their surroundings. He says that the four stages of his theory are dependent on the age of the child. These stages are; sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage and formal operational stage.
The sensorimotor stage happens between birth and the age of two. It is based on the idea that infants develop by manipulation of the surrounding world. The preoperational stage happens between two to seven years old. The idea behind this stage is that children use symbols to communicate what they have discovered. The concrete operational stage happens between seven to eleven years old. It is based on the idea that children become more focused and logical in their reasoning. The formal operational stage is the final stage. It happens between the eleven years to adulthood. It is based on the idea that children’s thinking becomes intellectual (Bowlby 2013).
Freud, Erikson and Piaget theories were developed on the notion that human development could be measured. Erikson theory is based on Freud’s ideas. Ericson and Freud believed that it takes a series of stages to develop personality. Freud’s theory is psychosexual while Erikson’s theory is psychosocial.
Race, gender and social economic status are important factors human development. Development is the capacity to communicate, cooperate with each other and value others who are different and living in harmony with our environment and with our friends, families, community and society. Human growth is dependent on race, gender and social economic status.
Reference
Bowlby, J., Ainsworth M. (2013). Theories of human development: Boundles Psycholog. Retrieved on September 25, 2018 from;https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-psychology/charpter/theories-of-human-development/
