In the 1490s, America was dominated by varied cultural structures. Matrilineal societies were evident in some regions. Some of the key examples of matrilineal societies included Natchez, Pueblo, and Iroquois where the power rested on women. On the other hand, the patrilineal societies were characterized by property inheritance passed down from one generation as well as the prestige that came with the male lineage. However, other negative social perspectives such as the Black Legend could also be depicted in society. The dominant disease in America was syphilis as opposed to the numerous conditions that were diagnosed in Europe. Coverture provided marriage and property guidelines where women were not considered as separate individuals to their husbands. The identity of women relied on their husbands upon marriage, which included ownership of properties.
There was a close tie in terms of trade between America and Europe, which majorly involved the importation and exportation of various food substances. At some point, a new lineage merged sharing both the Native American and European Spanish origin, which was referred to as Mestizo. The Columbia Exchange facilitated animal trade. America was known for turkeys, guinea pigs, alpacas, and llamas, which were traded for cows, horses, chickens, goats, pigs, and sheep from Europe. Religion played a key role in the norms and freedoms in society. Bartolome de Las Casas was the first ordained priest to receive holy orders in the entire western hemisphere. Each individual was required to know their privileges and social place in the community, which came with specific responsibilities. Nootkans, Kwakiutls, Makahs, and Tlingits devoted their time in leisure and art since they had enough food and fish. Such a social existence meant that more time was dedicated to the construction of complex houses, baskets, bowls, and blankets.
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