Institutionalization has been documented to have adverse effects on the psychological adjustment and the well-being of children. Until the early 1960s, there was the institutionalization of mentally ill patients in long-term residents of State. However, with the changes in technology in the treatment of mental health, deinstitutionalization began. Also, the institutionalized older people experienced significant adverse effects resulting from the environment of the institutions. For instance, these people have intensified preoccupation with the body and functioning; they have increased memory impairment and decreased orientation to everyday activities. Moreover, institutionalization leads to a loss of sense of trust mutuality as a result of a radical shift like their relations with other humans.
Deinstitutionalization has been reported to have several problems both to society and to the patient. This is because most of those released from institutions are mentally ill and need a lot of care. As a result, their release is a threat to them, and even the people around them. Due to the nature of their illness, they are not good candidates for community care centers (Shen & Snowden, 2014). For those with severe mental illness, they need long-term in-patient care. Moreover, the psychiatric care centers lacked enough federal funding for all the health patients and hence few mental health centers.
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Besides, the number of homeless, mentally ill people is continually growing in the streets. These people are among the poorest in every nation, and the only way of survival is by using substances and drugs to self-medicate. As homeless persons, they are also forced to engage in crimes of survival under the most desperate conditions. These include shoplifting, trespassing, prostitution, and even petty theft. Besides, these people have nowhere to call home and hence have to sleep on the streets.
References
Shen, G. C., & Snowden, L. R. (2014). Institutionalization of deinstitutionalization: a cross-national analysis of mental health system reform. International Journal of Mental Health Systems . doi:10.1186/1752-4458-8-47
