The construction of an airport requires innovative thinking to ensure that there is a little disturbance to operations and its security. The 3RS project will require various technical and construction skills to complete and will need international expertise to match KTMB or KOPF. To align with the priorities and the runway system, the project will be broken into different stages. All the phases will require different construction skills and techniques. The main connection between the aircraft and the ground access system is the airport terminal. The airport will contain a tower, emergency response equipment and facilities, transportation system, and surrounding facilities like access roads, parking, and a Hotel. Construction of the 3RS will handle future traffic demands of 300 students a year and other cargos. The construction will be divided into three phases which will require approximately 5years to complete.
Estimated budget in USD
The estimated cost for building the three-runway system is $140.5 billion with an estimate of 40% covering the land formation. Around $21 billion will be used for environmental protection measures such as horizontal directional drilling and deep cement mixing. The third runway passenger building will use approximately $26.3 billion. Baggage handling systems will cost around $6 billion. Apron works and airfield facilities will cost approximately $17 billion. The remainder of the money will be spent on BHS, construction of passenger concourse, apron, and other supporting facilities (Hong Kong International Airport, 2015).
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Required land
The construction of the Three Runway system will require c650 hectares of land and have a 7000' length of each runway with supporting taxiway systems. The required floor area is 280,000 square meters which are spacious thus offer passengers a relaxed environmental experience, an apron and 27 parking positions. The 3RS is to have aircraft parking positions to handle all passengers. The terminal building site location should provide present and future roadway system, accommodate all airport activities, including parking facilities. Access and parking: the airport will contain a perimeter road that will be connected to the Airport Way and will have a public parking located in the Terminal Building. The Automated People Mover system will be 2,600m long connecting the passenger building and the terminal 2. It will also have the ability to transport approximately 10,000 passengers per hour (Airport Authority Hong Kong).
The airport will comprise of:
Access Road and services and Parking area: The parking lots should have clearly defined entrance and exits to avoid preclude confusion. A single exit is preferable so as to charge the fees and be situated in a place where passengers can pick their baggage. Adjacent to the ticketing area is a waiting lobby for the passengers and should be large enough to accommodate all passengers: those who arrive early, with delayed flights and people accompanying the passengers. The employees parking are situated near the terminal. The terminal car parks are paid to park and metered by electronic card access ( Pitt, Van Werven & Price, 2011) .
The air cargo facilities should be situated near the passenger terminal to facilitate easier movement of the baggage between the aircraft and the cargo building. Emergency response equipment and facilities: crash, rescue or fire emergency equipment to be placed near the terminal while aircraft refueling facility is located near the terminal to reduce the distance ( Ryerson, 2016) . A fixed base operator should provide the refueling services. The airport should a have increased ventilation, activation of emergency lighting, fire containment, and to enhance visibility have raised blinds. The ventilation systems should have automatically power down or rise depending on the heat or cold ( Chumakova, 2014) . Hotel and beverage service: the size of these facilities should have a minimum of 200 square feet each. The food and beverage service are separate since the alcohol place limits children.
Times to complete project
The 3RS project will take a long time to complete approximately 5years because it involves land formation. All the phases are independent and will require a different set of time. The construction workers will operate daily for 24 hours at different times. The contractor will program and manage the activities. If the construction goes as planned, the runway project could take approximately five years.
Phases
Phase one will include clearing and preparing the site which will include creating a drainage system on the site and establish environmental controls such as sediment ponds. Passengers will choose a preferred airport on the basis of its location, range of services provided, and ease of access. Therefore, in this phase constructors will fence the construction site; develop construction compound and access roads. The construction compound is situated near an existing public road network for easier access and has a security gate to provide security and prevent public access. Maintaining great levels of safety for everyone is a priority. Phase two will involve reclamation works to improve the geotechnical conditions that could be in the area. Lastly, phase three will involve all the civil works such as the construction of pavements. During this phase, workers will install airfield lighting and do the paving work. Movement of people and vehicles from curbside to terminal buildings or from the baggage claim and arrival areas to the ground transportation should be efficient whether in extreme rainfall or sunshine.
The third runway will be designed in a way to cater for both landing and taking off purposes, that is the northern runway is for landings, central for the takeoffs, and the southern for both landings and takeoffs. Airport facilities should be constructed in a way that they can respond to the existing levels of traffic demand and also for the future growth. A good terminal will attract passengers and airlines.
References
Airport authority Hong Kong. Project overview. Retrieved from http://www.threerunwaysystem.com/en/overview/project-overview/
Chumakova, A. (2014). Customer satisfaction on facility services in terminal 2 of Tampere Airport . Retrieved from https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/73689/Chumakova_Anastasia.pdf
Hong Kong international airport. (2015). Expanding Hong Kong International Airport into a Three-runway system. Retrieved from http://www.epd.gov.hk/eia/register/profile/latest/esb250/esb250.pdf
Pitt, M., van Werven, M., & Price, S. (2011). Airport facilities management alliances: Problems of competition and complexity. Journal of Retail & Leisure Property , 9 (5), 391-400.
Ryerson, M. S. (2016). Building Air Service Sustainability: Analytical Approach to Documenting Air Carrier Incentive Programs in Airport Sustainability Plans. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board , (2569), 1-15.
