An increasing global population, which uses natural resources, is responsible for the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions because human consumption patterns result in farming, deforestation, and soil erosion. Nonetheless, the crucial matter is the burning of fossil fuels like natural gas, oil, and coal to generate power that is utilized in electricity manufacturing, heating, and vehicle and cooking fuels. The current report will cover three sections: Section I; background; Section II; how emissions cause problems for the developing world and Section III; causes of greenhouse gases and solutions to the problems greenhouse gases cause. A developing country that will be considered in the current report is India. GHGs releases by India are the 3rd largest worldwide, and coal is the critical source. The two causes of greenhouse gases that will be explored in this report are the burning of fossil fuels and farming. The possible solutions include promoting and investing heavily in renewable energy sources, promoting low methane release rice farming, diversifying crops away from rice, ensuring chemical-free agriculture, as well as population control.
Section I
Background
The greenhouse gases (GHGs) are gases that absorb and emit radiant energy inside a thermal infrared range (Nowak, 2019). GHGs refer to gases within the air which influence the energy balance of the earth and cause a greenhouse effect. The most recognized GHGs are carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, and ozone, which are found naturally in low concentrations within the air.
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Nevertheless, the amount has augmented considerably since the start of the past century because of numerous human-made causes. Along with these trace gases that may merely be found in extremely low concentrations in the atmosphere, water vapor is perhaps the most significant GHG. Nonetheless, water vapor performs a vital role concerning the usual greenhouse effect, because the absorption volume of water vapor in the atmosphere is directly correlated to temperature. Consequently, water vapor has a minimal impact on non-natural climate change.
Out of the one hundred percent light sent by the sun to the earth, virtually thirty percent light is echoed back into the sky by sand, snow, ice, and clouds (Nowak, 2019). Merely approximately seventy percent70% of the light is absorbed by the atmosphere, the land, and the oceans. The surface of the earth becomes warm in the daytime and becomes cold at nighttime, emitting the heat (infrared radiation) from the air into space. Nonetheless, before all the infrared radiation could free from the air into space, it is absorbed by the GHGs existing within the atmosphere. Whereas some of the heat disperses into space, a portion of it burns in the sky, and a portion of it goes through the sky and enters into the lower part of the atmosphere and the surface of the earth (Ray et al., 2019). Sequentially, this increases the normal earth's temperature. Hence, the upsurge in the temperature of the surface of the earth because of the rise in the amount of GHGs results in global warming.
Section II
How Emissions Cause Problems for the Developing World
According to the year 2017 statistic, China leads in terms of yearly greenhouse gas emission, with 29.3% of worldwide total annual emissions (Nowak, 2019). The second country is the United States, with 13.8% of global total yearly emissions. India is the third country, with about 6.6% of worldwide total annual emissions. The fourth country is Russia, with 4.8% of worldwide total annual emissions. Japan is the fifth country with 3.6% of worldwide total annual emissions.
There are several economic, security, and political challenges posed by greenhouse gas emissions. Firstly, toxic heat waves may make the earth excessively hot for human existence. For instance, in India, about 1.5 billion persons might witness their home grounds in the thickly populated farming areas of the Ganges in addition to Indus river basins become unbearable to dwell in (Ray et al., 2019). Furthermore, global warming is threatening rivers in India, such as the Ganges, which holds profound cultural and religious significance for many Indians. The increasing temperatures are making Himalayan glaciers that supply water to the rivers, recede. Additional phenomena witnessed internationally include rising sea levels, decreases in snow as well as ocean ice extent, and alterations in sea acidity, stronger tropical storms, and prolonged droughts. India is one of the greatest disaster-vulnerable countries globally. India's dense coastal populaces might be stroke hard by rising ocean levels, whereas fluctuating weather patterns could adversely affect farming in addition to food security. Also, they can bring about severe water scarcities and fatal illness outbreaks.
Section III
Causes of Greenhouse Gases and Solutions to the Problems Greenhouse Gases Cause
One of the major causes of greenhouse gases is the burning of fossil fuels. According to Palmieri (2018), fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil, and coal have turned out to be a vital part of people's life. Fossil fuels are utilized largely for transportation and to generate electricity. Once the fuels are burnt, they release the carbon deposited within them, which joins with oxygen within the atmosphere to make carbon dioxide. Also, electricity-associated emissions are high since countries still depend on coal for electricity production which emits a huge quantity of carbon dioxide into the air. For instance, India's economy depends on coal for about sixty percent of its aggregate electricity production. Another cause of greenhouse gases release is farming: Nitrous oxide is among the GHGs which is utilized in fertilizer and bring about the greenhouse (Arto & Dietzenbacher, 2014). Farming contributes to about sixteen percent of India's greenhouse gases emissions. Of this, 26% is due to nitrous oxide released from fertilizers, while 74% comes from methane generated from livestock (Dasgupta, Chakraborty & Roy, 2019).
The potential solution that addresses greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels is the use of renewable energy (Palmieri, 2018). To diversify the energy mix and lessen the dependence on coal, the government should actively promote and invest heavily in renewable energy sources. For instance, the government may intensely enhance the utilization of solar energy. Also, the country can promote lower methane release rice farming, diversifying crops away from rice, as well as ensuring chemical-free agriculture.
Since human beings utilize fossil fuels to power their progressively mechanized way of life, there is no doubt that population growth is a key contributor to greenhouse gases and global warming. More persons imply more demand for coal, gas, and oil, which, when burned, emit significant carbon dioxide into the sky. Research exploring the correlation between human population growth and GHGs revealed that the "carbon legacy" of a single kid could produce twenty times more GHG than an individual would save by recycling, driving the high-mileage vehicle, utilizing energy-saving light bulbs and appliances (Arto & Dietzenbacher, 2014). Therefore, increasing population control reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
Conclusion
The greenhouse gases (GHGs) represents gases that absorb and emit radiant energy inside a thermal infrared range. These gases cause a greenhouse effect. The most recognized GHGs are carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, ozone, and water vapor. The upsurge in the temperature of the surface of the earth because of a rise in the amount of GHGs results in global warming. According to the year 2017 statistic, China leads in terms of yearly greenhouse gas emission, followed by the United States, then India, Russia, and Japan. There are several economic, security, and political challenges posed by greenhouse gas emissions. The toxic heat waves may make the earth excessively hot for human existence. Furthermore, global warming is threatening rivers in India. Additional phenomena witnessed internationally include rising sea levels, decreases in snow as well as ocean ice extent, and alterations in sea acidity, stronger tropical storms, and prolonged droughts. The major causes of greenhouse gases are the burning of fossil fuels and farming. The potential solutions that address the greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels are the use of renewable energy, promoting lower methane release rice farming, diversifying crops away from rice, ensuring chemical-free agriculture and population control.
References
Arto, I., & Dietzenbacher, E. (2014). Drivers of the growth in global greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental science & technology , 48 (10), 5388-5394.
Dasgupta, S., Chakraborty, D., & Roy, J. (2019). Selected Issues in Economics of Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation. Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering .
Nowak, D. J. (2019). The atmospheric system: Air quality and greenhouse gases. In Understanding Urban Ecology (pp. 175-199). Springer, Cham.
Palmieri, E. (2018). International Environmental Policy Agreements and their Effects on Reduction of Greenhouse Gases and Sustainable Growth.
Ray, T., Malasiya, D., Dar, J. A., Khare, P. K., Khan, M. L., Verma, S., & Dayanandan, A. (2019). Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Vegetation Fires in Central India. Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability , 7 (1), 32-38.
