Egoism is a justification for an individual's action that is motivated by self-interest and selfishness. The principles of egoism sharply contradict the principles of altruism, which requires concern for other people's happiness. Psychological egoism holds that individual self-interest will always motivate his/her actions. As supported by Thomas Hobbes and Friedrich Nietzsche, it describes an individual's action based on observation. On the other hand, ethical egoism holds that all human actions ought to be motivated by self-interest. It further states that only those actions guided by self-interest are morally right.
Glaucon argued that no individual is willingly just, and by nature, injustice is something good; therefore if individuals are given the power to act unjustly without consequences, they would snap the chance. He further stated that naturally, individuals have self desires because everybody wants what is best for them. From his stand, Glaucon supported ethical egoism because ethical egoism also states that only the action that suits an individual self-interest is the action that should be considered as morally right.
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Whether Psychological Egoism Implies Ethical Egoism
Psychological egoism does not imply ethical egoism the reason being that in terms of action definition, psychological egoism describes the reason for an individual's actions while ethical egoism stresses on how these individual's actions should be. The descriptive nature of psychological egoism does not allow it to classify an individual's action as either moral or immoral. It only describes an action from observation and stops at that while ethical egoism does not only asserts the way an individual should/ought to act but goes ahead and classify the kind of action as either moral or immoral. It asserts that those actions that fulfill an individual's self-interest are moral regardless of how the rest of society perceives the action.
