Benefits of calcium and phosphate in our bodies

Prompt 1

Phosphate and calcium play a vital role in developing the human body, including strengthening teeth, bones, and regulating the metabolism and waving pathways. For our bodies to function better, the body pH should be controlled through which the kidneys and lungs compensate for the changes in Ph. We discovered that thyrocalcitonin and vitamin D.PTH are hormones responsible for maintaining phosphate and calcium (McCance et al.,2014). The body’s buffer system, the respiratory system, and the renal are the principal regulator of pH balance.

When there is a loss of metabolic acids, there is an increase in bicarbonate concentration, resulting in metabolic alkalosis. After the body detects this change in pH, the renal system automatically attempts to restore the changes by conserving the hydrogen ions responsible for acidity and eliminating the HCO3 accountable for the urine's acidity (Dhatariya et al., 2017). Considering calcium is metal and forms a base, the calcium is lost through electrolyte loss in removing the alkaline nature (Kovesdy et al., 2020). This is responsible for symptoms like muscle cramps and hyperactive reflexes due to a lack of calcium.

References 

McCance, K. L., & Huether, S. E. (2014).  Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children . Elsevier Health Sciences.

Dhatariya, K. K., & Vellanki, P. (2017). Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)/hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS): novel advances in the management of hyperglycemic crises (UK versus the USA). Current Diabetes Reports ,  17 (5), 33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-017-0857-4

Kovesdy, C., Sterns, R., & Forman, J. (2020). Pathogenesis, consequences, and

treatment of metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease. Retrieved online on January

11, 2021, https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-consequences-and-

Prompt two

From the previous assignment, we discovered that the calcitriol and PTH hormones control the gastroenteric absorption and release of calcium and phosphate ions into the circulation after bone resorption (Chiodini et al.,2018). The phosphate and calcium ions are removed from the blood through the abdominal gland excretion process and bones' formation. The increase in vitamin D is directly proportional to calcium absorption from the intestines and increases bone absorption (McCance et al., 2014) . In the case of little calcium absorption, it leads to a bone disease called Osteoporosis or hypocalcemia. These can be catered for through intake of vitamin D and take a calcium supplement.

References 

Chiodini, I., & Bolland, M. J. (2018). Calcium supplementation in Osteoporosis: useful or harmful?.  European journal of endocrinology ,  178 (4), D13-D25. https://eje.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eje/178/4/EJE-18-0113.xml

McCance, K. L., & Huether, S. E. (2014).  Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children . Elsevier Health Sciences. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/

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