External borders between different countries or continents play a significant role in the development of economic and political relations. However, issues such as insecurity and illegal immigration have led to restrictions between the borders. The paper will examine differences and similarities between the external borders of New Europe, US-Canadian, and US-Mexico and also changes in borders between New Europe and the US after the cold war.
The external borders of New Europe, US-Mexico, and the US-Canadian borders have various similarities as well as differences. The similarity that exists between the three involves the use of surveillance techniques in securing the borders. Primarily, the US-Canadian border utilizes the use of "beyond the border," the use of perimeter technique ( Topak et al., 2015) . The agreement between the two countries has led to the method expansion in enhancing security between the borders. The technique is also used to profile travelers and share biometric data about those entering and leaving the two countries. The method has resulted in changes in experiences of the sovereign power of people crossing the border ( Topak et al., 2015) . New Europe uses smart border technology to control the movement of illegal immigrants originating from countries that are not members of the European Union. Similarly, the US-Mexico border has also implemented on the application of smart border surveillance technology. The system was developed purposely to control the movement of illegal immigrants and to expedite trade routes between the United States and Mexico. External borders of US-Mexico, US-Canada, and New Europe differ in some aspects. Primarily, New Europe allows the free movement of workers from the European Union to settle and work in any country that is a member of the European Union ( Scott, 2016) . On the contrary, the borders of US-Mexico and US-Canada do not allow free movement of workers due to criminal elements that exist mainly in Mexico. Nonetheless, New Europe has developed border agreements that allow for the sharing of surveillance with other countries that are members of the European Union. However, such kind of agreements does not exist in the borders of US-Mexico and US-Canada.
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After the “cold war,” changes in borders, especially among countries making up of New Europe, were developed. The extension of the European Union includes countries such as Hungary and the Czech Republic to expand the boundaries of nearly a third size of that of the United States. Primarily, the borders of New Europe allow for free movement of its member states to different countries within its umbrella without passports. The move was geared towards boosting trading activities; however, the main challenge that the countries are worried about is the rise in cases of illegal immigration and crime rates ( Scott, 2016) . The Borders posts of New Europe were also lifted to allow people from its frontiers to move freely across the frontiers. The New Europe development also led to a fall in a communist bloc that had led to rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. As a result, trading restrictions that had been imposed between the two parts of the continent that had been divided for an extended period was lifted. The opening of borders led to the formulation of military and economic structures. For example, The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Camecon) was developed to replace the Warsan Pact, dissolved in 1991 ( Scott, 2016) . The events resulted in an improvement in trading activities between the US and the Soviet Union.
In conclusion, the external borders of New Europe are characterized by the free movement of workers from its member states, whereas that of US-Canada and US-Mexico is restricted. The border of the three regions is also secured through various techniques. For example, US-Mexico and New Europe surveillance are based on smart borders technology while US-Canada utilizes "beyond the border" method.
References
Scott, J. W. (2016). Cross‐Border, Transnational, and Interregional Cooperation. International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology , 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0616
Topak, Ö. E., Bracken-Roche, C., Saulnier, A., & Lyon, D. (2015). From smart borders to perimeter security: The expansion of digital surveillance at the canadian borders. Geopolitics , 20 (4), 880-899. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2015.1085024
