Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by the inflammation of the digestive track. The two types of the ailment include Ulcerative colitis and Cohn’s diseases. The former is caused by inflammation and wounds I the inner parts of the large intestine which lasts for a long period of time while the latter is a type of the bowel disease that causes inflammation of the digestive track’s lining and affects the underlying tissues. Possible causes of the ailment are due to the malfunction of the immune system. Factors such as an individual’s genetic factors, the environment, intestinal microbial flora and the response of the immune system are associated with the pathogenesis of the ailment.
Genetic studies have identified the role of autophagy in the immune response in inflammatory bowel disease Zhang & Li, 2014). Two genes known as ATG16L1 and IRGM which are related to autophagy have been found to be associated with the disorder. Autophagy contributes to the resistance against infection and helps in the removal of microbes which are within the cells. Environmental factors such as smoking, drugs, stress and diet play a major role in pathogenesis of the disease. Among the many environmental factors, heavy smoking remains the main cause of the disease. There has been an established relationship between changes in microbiome and inflammatory bowel disease. There is a reduction in Feisal micro biome in patients who suffer from the disease as compared to those without the ailment.
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Irritable bowel syndrome is an intestinal track disorder that is associates with an alteration in the normal movements of the bowel (Saha, 2014). Pathophysiological mechanisms of the disorder include Enteric Sensorimotor dysfunction, putative origins of sensorimotor dysfunction and secretory disorders and central mechanisms. Different stimuli generate an increase or an alteration in the contraction process. IBS patients have fewer contractions within the sigmoid colon, a reduction in the short spike-burst activity, an increase in the long spike-burst frequency and an alternation in the tonic response to food. There is a general reduction in the normal movement of stool. Putative origin of sensorimotor dysfunction includes enteric mechanisms such as motor dysfunction which are associated with neuroimmune activation. Central mechanisms such as high stress levels are associated with IBS. Chronic stress can enhance an increase in the mucus cells within the colon. Inflammation in the gut can also lead to the onset of the ailment.
Similarities in the pathophysiological mechanisms between the two diseases are that in both, there is an alteration in the bowel movement and they affect the cells found in the colon. The differences between the two diseases is that Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by inflammation of the digestive track, is associated with genetic factors and environmental factors such as smoking while Irritable bowel syndrome is an intestinal track disorder which alters the normal movement of bowel.
Inflammatory bowel disease is treated by the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs, immune system suppressors and antibiotics that can be used alongside other medications (Saez-Lara et al., 2015) . Irritable bowel syndrome is treated through dietary and lifestyle changes, physiological therapy and some forms of medications which can help relieve the symptoms. The two disorders have different treatment techniques and the treatment for one disorder cannot work for the other. Age factor might affect the pathophysiology and treatment in both patients. Elderly patients with inflammatory bowel diseases are less likely to respond to immunosuppressant medication as compared to young patients (Marín, Gisbert & Chaparro, 2015) . Elderly people are at a higher risk of getting the complication as compared to younger people. Treatment for the ailment worked well for people with different ages because it mostly entails of lifestyle changes.
References
Marín, A. C., Gisbert, J. P., & Chaparro, M. (2015). Immunogenicity and mechanisms impairing the response to vaccines in inflammatory bowel disease. World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG , 21 (40), 11273.
Saez-Lara, M. J., Gomez-Llorente, C., Plaza-Diaz, J., & Gil, A. (2015). The role of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and other related diseases: a systematic review of randomized human clinical trials. BioMed research international , 2015 .
Saha, L. (2014). Irritable bowel syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and evidence-based medicine. World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG , 20 (22), 6759.
Zhang, Y. Z., & Li, Y. Y. (2014). Inflammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG , 20 (1), 91.
