Q1
Jack`s current status where he experiences the faint wheezes with cool diaphoretic skin and dusky lips, is a condition which has been exacerbated by his past behaviors. First, it is apparent that this is not the first time that he has experienced these conditions since he had previously being receiving assistance from home oxygen for the last duration of up to five years. Besides, risky behaviors such as drinking and smoking as well as the consumption of unhealthy food is part of the reason why his condition has prevailed. Besides, his past mental condition is responsible for his present articulation.
Q2
The significant body system affected is the Lungs. This explains why Theophylline and metaproterenol (Alupent) inhaler have being prescribed to the patient. They are essential in assisting a person with respiratory problems like emphysema ( Dampney, 2015 ). Besides, Jack is also suffering from heart failure which explains the home oxygen hooked to his nasal cannula thus indicating that the heart is also affected. The administration of Furosemide and Spironolactone are indicative of his a kidney ailment like nephrotic syndrome also being present an indicating that his kidney has also being affected.
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Q3
The tripod position of the patient is a subconscious placing of hands on the knee area as they lean forward. This leads to the sensitization of the strap muscles located around the neck area. The action allows them to have a mechanical advantage since they get to suck in more air than they would have in a normal position ( Krueger et al., 2015 ). If such movements are noted in the patient whenever they are at rest, it is a sign that they are feeling some discomfort since the illness is about to set in. Orthopnea may also occur leading the patient to propel themselves on a higher level from the bed in order to gain access to more air.
Q4
It is apparent that the patient had suffered a mental disorder prior to their current condition. This may explain their 1-2 words speech. Apraxia appears to be the main causative agent for this condition, whereby it occurs as a result of some impairment on the brain ( Krueger et al., 2015 ). Also, based on the idea that the patient is suffering from respiratory problems, it is possible that the respiratory weakness could be inhibiting their ability to communicate effectively.
Q5
One of the causes of Jack`s current condition is his consumption of alcohol. This could have contributed to the Furosemide and Spironolactone medication for his a kidney ailment. Correspondingly, he admitted to smoking and this is one of the major causes of this present problem. It can explain why he might be having a suppurative lung disease. His use of accessory muscles for breath are indicative of his lack of breath. Moreover, his consumption of potato chips rather than healthy food has also contributed to his ailment.
Q6
The relationship between emphysema and Jack`s history of water in the lungs is that the lungs are responsible for moving oxygen into the body. In this case, the linings of the lungs require water in order to lubricate them and also to prevent the air sacs from drying ( Krueger et al., 2015 ). When large amounts of water are available in the lungs, pulmonary edema occurs and the alveoli become damaged because they can no longer absorb oxygen. This further translates to Emphysema, the chronic condition which Jack is experiencing which is making it difficult for him to breath.
Q7
Based on the cardiac strip provided for Jack, there is a P Wave pattern cardiac rhythm. This is generated whenever the right and left atria depolarize ( Dampney, 2015 ). As a result, they end up creating a sinus rhythm similar to the one in the diagram. This is indicative of irregular breathing patterns which necessitate medial intervention.
Q8
Initially Jack had emphysema and high blood pressure. The irregular cardiac rhythm tends to result in atrial fibrillation. In this case, the force which is pushing the blood against the arteries tends to be very high leading to their damage ( Dampney, 2015 ). In this case, the rapid heartbeat ensues leading to clots from the damaged arteries being pushed to the brain.
References
Dampney, R. A. (2015). Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and respiratory function during stress and arousal. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology , 309 (5), R429-43.
Krueger, K., Botermann, L., Schorr, S. G., Griese-Mammen, N., Laufs, U., & Schulz, M. (2015). Age-related medication adherence in patients with chronic heart failure: A systematic literature review. International journal of cardiology , 184 , 728-735.
