Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of the abnormal body cells in any part of the body. Studies have shown that cancer is caused by the cancer bacteria, which are the bacteria infectious organisms. While the bacteria causing cancer have always been considered to be opportunistic, some evidence has shown that the bacteria itself can be carcinogenic (Siegel, Miller & Jemal, 2018). However, recent studies by the Stanford researchers have discovered a cancer vaccine that eliminates tumors in mice. This was found to work for many kinds of cancers, including the ones that occur spontaneously. In their research, activating T cells in tumors eliminated even distant metastases in mice and what awaits is testing it in human body. Rape on the other side is a forced sexual intercourse between either homosexual or heterosexual. It involves one forcing another person into any form of sex. According to various research, rape and sexual victimization have also been linked to cervical cancer in females. The articles “Cancer statistics” by Siegel, Miller and Jemal, A cancer vaccine is eliminating tumor mice,” by Scotti and “Survivors of sexual assault face greater risks for cervical cancer and other deadly diseases,” by Samantha Olson provide a clear understanding into the topics.
In the article “Cancer statistics” by Siegel, Miller, and Jemal (2018), there are more than 100 cancer types including skin cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer and colon cancer among others. The article further states that the symptoms of cancer depend mainly on the type of cancer one has developed, and the signs are not specific. Among the signs and symptoms may include weight loss, fatigue, changes in the skin and fever. The authors further state that anything that may cause the normal body cells to develop abnormally can cause cancer. Some of the elements that may cause normal body cells to develop abnormally include exposure to chemicals, radiation, and pathogens. According to Siegel, Miller & Jemal (2018), cancer is caused by certain bacteria in the boy. A bacteria known as Helicobacter pylori can cause inflammation and damage the inner layer of the stomach causing stomach cancer. While Helicobacter pylori are known as the major cause of stomach cancer, not all people with this bacteria in the stomach can cause cancer. Chlamydia trachomatis is another common kind of bacteria that infect the reproductive system of females. Some studies have shown that women whose blood test positive for chlamydia infections may be at great risk of cervical cancer. Various research has also shown that chlamydia itself can cause cancer and when in coordination with HPV, it can promote cancer growth.
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In their article “cancer statistics,” the authors have also discussed the cell cycle in cancer. According to Siegel, Miller and Jemal (2018), the cell cycle is the process by which cancer cells divide. The cell cycle is regulated by the complex series of signaling pathways through which the cells grow and replicate their DNA. The process also ensures errors are corrected failure to which apoptosis takes place. However, the regulatory process of the cell cycle may malfunction due to genetic mutations.
However, a cancer vaccine eliminating tumor has been discovered by Stanford University researchers. This is according to Scotti and Scotti (2018) in their article “A cancer vaccine is eliminating tumor mice.” According to this article, a cancer experiment at Stanford University used immune-stimulators to target tumors in mice, and it gave a positive result. The researchers injected a combination of two immune boosters into solid mouse tumors directly, and all the traces of the cancer cells were eliminated according to the research team. The study reported having cured cancer in 87 out of the 90 mice that were used in the experiment. Although three mice got back cancer, the tumors only regressed after a second treatment. The same result was observed in the mice with breast, colon and melanoma tumors.
According to the researchers, the vaccine will serve as a rapid and less costly form of cancer therapy. It was also found that the vaccine unlike what is currently used to suppress cancer cells may not have detrimental side effects on the patient. “When we use two agents together, we see the elimination of tumors all over the body,” said Ronald Levy, MD, professor of oncology. “The process, therefore, bypasses the need to identify tumor-specific immune targets and doesn’t require wholesale activation of the immune system or customization of the patient’s immune cells” (Scotti & Scotti, 2018).The clinical trials have been launched since January 2018 to test the effect of the treatment on the patients with lymphoma cancer. While some immunotherapy approaches heavily rely on stimulating the immune system, others target naturally occurring checkpoints that limit the activity of the anti-cancer on the immune cells. This treatment works by reactivating the cancer-specific T cells through the injection of the microgram amounts of two agents into the tumor cells directly. These tumor-specific and activated T cells will then leave the initial tumor and move to find and damage any other identical tumors in the whole body.
In the article “Survivors of sexual assault face greater risks for cervical cancer and other deadly diseases,” by Samantha Olson, women exposed to sexual assault such as rape are at greater risks of developing cervical cancer. According to Olson (2018), close to 300,000 Americans have sexually victimized annually. In the research, it was found that the susceptibility of women exposed to sexual victimization is shown by increased morbidity before and even after the assault. Survivors of sexual assault were found to be at greater risk of contracting certain respiratory diseases as well as cervical cancer. According to the Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network, survivors of rape are often exposed to long recovery period after victimization (Olson, 2018). Such situation may increase the risks of diseases such as cervical cancer and STDs. This is also accompanied by depression, substance abuse, sleep disorders, suicide thoughts and eating disorders as well as posttraumatic stress disorders.
According to Olson (2018), the emotional disturbance that rape and sexual victimization has on survivors often lead to PTSD which is associated with the feeling of anxiety, stress, and fear. According to the American Psychological Association, chronic fear and stress can plague the body which can make the immune system weak. As a result, a weakened immunity can clear the way for diseases such as cervical cancer. Similarly, the feeling of constant danger, flashbacks and intrusive thoughts which further cause stress and result in a more weakened immunity which makes one more vulnerable to bacteria causing cancer.
In conclusion, cancer is the development of abnormal cells in the body. These are due to cancer-causing bacteria which among other causes such as exposure to chemicals and radiation. The cancer cells undergo cell cycle where they divide and replicate to cause abnormal growth of cells. However, the research by the Stanford University professors has discovered a tumor eliminating vaccines that have been tested and discovered to cure various types of cancer in mice. This when used, will make easy and less costly the treatment of cancer. Also, rape and sexual victimization among women have been confirmed to increase the chances of certain infections such as cervical cancer by making one’s immune system weak and vulnerable to diseases (Olson, 2018).
References
Olson, S. (2018). Survivors of Sexual Assault Face Greater Risk for Cervical Cancer and Other Deadly Diseases. Medical Daily. Retrieved 19 March 2018, from http://www.medicaldaily.com/sexual-assault-survivors-disease-risk-cervical-cancer-385179
Scotti, A., & Scotti, A. (2018). A cancer 'vaccine' is eliminating tumors in mice. NY Daily News. Retrieved 19 March 2018, from http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/cancer-vaccine-completely-eliminating-tumors-mice-article-1.3793288
Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., & Jemal, A. (2018). Cancer statistics, 2018. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 68(1), 7-30.
