A cell organelle is a structure found in a distinct cell and conducts a specific task. The discussion below focuses on nine cell units. These include cell wall, mitochondrion, nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, vacuoles and lysosomes
Cell wall
The cell wall is located on the outermost part of a cell. The cell wall is found in plants and not in animal cells. It shields the cell organs as well as gives shape to the cells. It is composed of cellulose that aids plants be rigid. Also, it helps the plant cell resist turgor force. Mitochondrion
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The mitochondrion is double layered. The outer layer is soft, and the inner layer is rough with creased and finger-like shapes (cristae). It distributes and reserves energy for the cell. The cristae contain enzymes and increase surface area for respiration (Sakota, 2020).
Nucleus
The nucleus is a double-layer unit affixed to the cell membrane. It comprises three parts; Nuclear envelope, chromatin, and nucleolus. The envelope has openings that allow the passage of proteins in and out of the cell. The chromatin contains RNA and DNA along with nuclear fibers. The nucleolus makes ribosomal RNA and brings together ribosomes needed to make proteins. The nucleus carries out several functions like reservation and transcription of RNA to protein. Also, it helps in the moving of DNA and RNA between the nucleus and other cell parts (Siyal, 2019).
Cell membrane
The cell membrane is located just below the cell wall. It consists of a double layer of phospholipids. Its role is to encase the cell’s components. In addition, it controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is a hefty solution that packs each cell. It acts as a means of holding the cell units, keeping the cell’s inner layer whole.
Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of a mesh of membranes known as cisternae. The ER has two parts; the rough endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes affixed to it. The second is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum with no ribosomes (leveled surface). The RER conveys proteins made by the ribosome, and the SER makes and transfers lipids (Sakota, 2020).
Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus is composed of cisternae (a string of leveled structures). The Golgi body usually sorts out and makes proteins. It also helps in conveying lipids.
Vacuoles
Vacuoles are units surrounded by a fine layer and filled with liquid. They carry waste substances and eliminated substances that might harm the cell.
Lysosomes
Lastly, lysosomes are circle-like units made of a lipid double layer. They help get rid of damaged cells and break down substances into elements to be used by the cell (Siyal, 2019).
References
Siyal, L. (2019). Cell structure and functions. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334848663_Cell_its_Structure_and_Functions
Sakota, A. (2020). Cell Organelles- Structure and functions with labeled diagrams. Microbe Notes. https://microbenotes.com/cell-organelles/
