Cell Signaling refers to communication between individual cells that enable them to respond to extracellular signals and environmental changes. The process through which cells communicate with one another and react to changes is responsible for controlling basic cellular activities using hormones or growth factors to pass useful information. Extracellular signaling involves four steps: synthesis of the signaling molecule, transportation of the signal to the target region, signal binding for activation, and formation of the signal pathways. Signal agents include physical agents like temperature, pressure, voltage, light, or chemical agents like steroids, peptides, and terpenoids. Cell integration is a rising concern regarding cancer treatment through stem cell development; this article review explores three articles related to Cell Signaling Pathways.
Landry et al., (2015 ), argue that studies on malignant stem cells have been a critical therapeutic target for most researchers who base their research on different types of Cancer. The two provide in-depth analysis on several other factors surrounding Cell Signaling, including the limiting factors that hinder intense and rigorous studies directed towards understanding cell populations' nature. The article also provides an overview of leukemic stem cells’ characteristics that offer an opportunity for therapeutic-based targeting. In the following section, the researchers discuss the complex Signaling Pathways involved in cancer, for example the Leukemia stem cells. The authors unearth essential information concerning the progress of clinical development of LSC-directed therapies in the healthcare sector. Towards the end of the article, a discussion of the research findings shows the availability of LSCs for use in clinical evaluations, where the most critical consideration identified is the timing of the therapy (Landry et al., 2015). The research article concentrates more on key scientific findings in regards to AML and LSC targeting, besides, the concluding section of the research illuminates clinical evaluations that can effectively single out noble LSK-directed therapies.
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Newman & Zhang (2015) researched intracellular signaling pathways' operational view to establish different pathways and provide sufficient information on the process of Signaling Transduction in Cancer. The primary purpose of conducting the research was to establish the relationship between molecular components, thus develop strategic circuits which can be used to implement certain cellular behaviors. This research, system biology, explore intracellular signaling pathways and how they are involved in cellular communications within the body. Besides providing a central means for communication, these pathways act as control knobs to induce or block differentiation within new cell fates (Newman & Zhang (2015). The article explains that intracellular signaling pathways are among the highly studied biological systems due to their principal and diverse roles that promote conservation among different organisms.
The authors provide a recap of recent research studies that have been done for quite some time and contributed to an intense understanding of cell signaling pathways and their roles in the body. With the help of demonstrative examples, this research illustrates the need for an integrated understanding of signal processing and the process through which feedback is provided (Ridley, 2000). Concerning metazoan pathways, the authors explain the growing concern. They need to provide an operational perspective to address signaling through quantitative characterization of the existing input-output relationship.
Ridley, (2000) concluded research on the various roles played by Cell Signaling in Cancer, with more focus on antigen presentations that promote cell communication. Major issues covered include factors that influence a cell signaling pathway and prompts a detailed specific response. The process through which cell pathways influence a quicker or slower immune response and finally, an explanation of roles played by cell signaling pathways in Ag presentation processes. The author focuses most of the research explaining major signalling molecules and critical pathways, the regulation of Ag presentation, and relevant mechanisms in antigen presentation. This study is essential for developing various vaccines as it allows accurate testing of safe pathways for the established vaccines and treatment paradigms.
References
Landry, B. D., Clarke, D. C., & Lee, M. J. (2015). Studying Cellular Signal Transduction with OMIC Technologies. Journal of molecular biology , 427 (21), 3416–3440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2015.07.021
Newman, R. H., & Zhang, J. (2017). Integrated Strategies to Gain a Systems-Level View of Dynamic Signaling Networks. Methods in enzymology , 589 , 133–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mie.2017.01.016
Ridley, A. (2000). Rho Gtpases. The Journal of Cell Biology, 150(4), F107–F109. doi:10.1083/jcb.150.4.f107
