Generally, cells can be identified as the fundamental units of eukaryotic organisms. Moreover, organs and tissues contain cells to assist their functionality. Cell morphology is, therefore, the study of the structure and form of organisms. It is, thus, imperative to determine cell morphology in numerous taxonomies such as bacterial. Cells are divided into prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. In contrast, eukaryotes contain a nucleus, and their organelles are membrane-bound. The morphology of cells plays a vital role in the general function and structure of a cell.
The cell contains various organelles that perform definite roles within it. The function of the cell membrane is to regulate chemical communication across the cell (Brady, Colman & Brophy, 2014). Moreover, it controls the entry and exit of molecules from the cell. The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes on its surface, which ensure the synthesize of proteins while the nucleus contains chromosomes which comprise DNA. Furthermore, the mitochondria are essential in synthesizing ATP to produce energy (Brady, Colman & Brophy, 2014). They also regulate cellular metabolism and the production of some steroids.
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In plants, photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts. The Golgi apparatus sorts, packs and delivers secretions from the cell. Furthermore, lysosomes form the basis for intracellular absorption (Brady, Colman & Brophy, 2014). The vacuole enhances the turgidity of the cell membrane hence ensuring the plant's rigidity. Additionally, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum provides the transportation of manufactured proteins. Further, it contains many enzymes on its cisternae or its surface. Also, the cytoplasm allows for the suspension of other organelles as it is mainly composed of water.
The cell encompasses various organelles that affect its structure and function. All organelles accomplish its specific purpose that consequently ensures the survival of the cell. Cells in the muscles, for instance, contain numerous mitochondria necessary in the production of energy. It is, thus, imperative to understand the morphology of cells by studying its function and structure.
Reference
Brady, S., Colman, D. R., & Brophy, P. (2014). Subcellular organization of the nervous system: organelles and their functions. From Molecules to Networks (pp. 23-52). Academic Press.
