Every government in the world aims to manage the mortality rate of its population as it affects the labor potency of a country. The period between 1960 and 1980 witnessed a significant reduction in mortality rate and subsequent increase in life expectancy among the US population. However, the situation changed in the period after 1890. The positive trends in mortality and life expectancy were overturned by various factors, as depicted in the paper.
The Proximal Influences to the "Reversal of Fortune" Phenomenon
There are various factors that the immediate increase in the mortality rate in the period between 1980 all through to 1999. The trend in life expectancy dropped significantly by 0.5y in female gender and 0.4y in the male gender. One of the proximal influences of the phenomenon is the increased cases of cardiovascular diseases. The rate at which the population manifested heart-related diseases increased in the post-1980 period (Culp et al. 2019). In addition, the rise in HIV/AIDS contributed significantly to the sudden increase in mortality rate. Besides, the post-1980 period was dominated by numerous cases of homicide deaths that mainly affected the male gender. The reduction in life expectancy after 1980 resulted from the occurrence of terminal lifestyle diseases such as cancer.
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The Distal Influences to the "Reversal of Fortune" Phenomenon
The post-1980 era featured various factors that ultimately influenced the reduction in life expectancy and subsequent increase in death rates. One of the ultimate influences of the phenomenon is the reduction in income levels. Different counties in the US experienced reduced income rates because of the economic turmoil experienced in various counties. Reduction in the levels of income resulted in the vulnerability of the minority groups to diseases. For instance, in Philadelphia, black women contributed to the highest number of mortalities. The post-1980 era exposed the low earning families to the dangers of the various lifestyle diseases that merged in the historical period (Culp et al. 2019). The emergence of the high level of diabetes among the low-income earners resulted in the phenomenon of "Reversal of Fortune." The diabetes factor is classified under the distal influences because it has not had an immediate fatality.
An Intervention Plan to Reverse the Phenomenon of Increased Mortality Rate and Reduced Life Expectancy in Post 1890 Era
The most effective intervention plan to reverse the phenomenon of increased mortality rate and reduced life expectancy is through the use of a medical intervention that could alter the effect of lifestyle diseases to humans. The intervention plan is to increase therapeutic interventions in mitigating the impact of cancer, HIV/AIDS, and diabetes (Friedman et al. 2008). The plan would involve studying the trend in the manifestation of the diseases and developing an effective treatment plan to counter the effects of lifestyle diseases.
Theoretical Framework of the Intervention Plan
The conceptual framework that defines the intervention plan is the predictive model of intervention. The intervention plan adopted features the predictive model framework because it focuses on observing the current trend of the effect of lifestyle diseases on the US population and formulating interventions that will minimize the predicted trends (Friedman et al. 2008). The intervention plan develops its application by anticipating the possible situation that the current trend might unleash in the future.
References
Culp, M. B., Soerjomataram, I., Efstathiou, J. A., Bray, F., & Jemal, A. (2019). Recent global patterns in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates. European urology .
Friedman, B., A., Kulkarni, S., C., Murray, C., J. (2008). The Reversaal of Fortunes: Trends in County Mortality and Cross-County Mortality Disparities in the United States. PLOS MEDICINE. https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050066
