Classical management theory entails the idea that employees only have physical and economic needs. According to Eatwell (2016) , the theory fails to take into account social requirements as well as job contentment but instead promotes consolidated governance, profit maximization, specialization of labor, and decision-making. This summarizes concepts of the ideal workplace. The neoclassical theory was an effort at integrating the social sciences into administration thought so as to resolve the challenges generated by classical theory systems. The basis of this addition was on the basis of the impression that the position of management is to engage the employees in getting tasks performed in organizations. Instead of focusing on structures, technology, or production, this theory mainly focused on the worker. Neoclassical theorists focused on reacting to problems associated with the best means to inspire, shape, and sustain workers within the corporation.
The leading difference between classical and neoclassical theory is in the idea of utility. In classical theory, a utility is clearly absent in models of labor, growth, and value. While in the classical theory stability was a utility of interest wages and instead of demand and supply. On the contrary, the utility is presented with an extremely high significance in the neoclassical model. In addition, in the neoclassical theory, fiscal stability is a supply and demand function through all markets, with the supply and demand of all commodities functions of their value and shortage (Martins, 2016) . The neoclassical and classical models of value tend to be very different. In the neoclassical concept, the worth of a good is a function of its demand as well as it’s the supply. However, in classical theory, the price of a product is the same as the value of manufacturing it.
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Positivist theory refers to the concept that criminals are given birth to with the attribute and do not turn into criminals. Simply put, it is an individual’s character from birth, not the development that leads to criminal tendencies. Besides, the positive criminologist does not often observe the contribution of self-determination in illegal action. Biological theory refers to the idea that humans are a result of their genetics and structure. It is the single approach in consciousness that observes sensations, thoughts, and conducts from a living and hence physical perspective. As a result, all that is emotional is initially physiological.
Psychological theory is a concept to psychology that explains the psychological forces underlying human feelings, attributes and feelings, and the manner in which they may associate with untimely childhood experience. This model is particularly concerned with the dynamic interactions between conscious and unconscious inspiration and proclaims that conduct is the result of underlying conflicts through which individuals usually have limited awareness. As sociological theory refers to a model that focuses on interpretation and account of current society instead of an explanation, and its objectives are extremely political. On the other hand, sociological theory is addressed on the effort to identify the society. One popular positive criminologist was Cesare Lombroso. In the middle 1800s, he learned about cadavers and looked for physiological justification for criminal actions (Lilly, Cullen, & Ball, 2018) . Lombroso was able to differentiate between various types of criminals, including criminals from birth as well as criminaloid. Psychological theory tends to explain crime since crime and feeblemindedness are closely linked to genetic theories, which generally assert that low IQ can result in crime.
References
Eatwell, J. (2016). Competition: classical conceptions. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics , 1-6.
Lilly, J. R., Cullen, F. T., & Ball, R. A. (2018). Criminological theory: Context and consequences . Sage publications.
Martins, N. O. (2016). Ecosystems, strong sustainability and the classical circular economy. Ecological Economics , 129 , 32-39.
