Common Cold
The common cold is caused by a virus among children, and the rhinoviruses are the most common types of viruses that cause the virus among the children. The virus gets into the body through the children's nostrils, mouth or the eyes ( Allan & Arroll, 2014 ). The virus that causes the common cold spreads through droplets that are found in the air, the droplets are spread through talking, sneezing or coughing.
The complications that are brought about by the common cold in children include; acute bronchitis, infections of the ear, pneumonia, asthma attack and sinus infection. In managing the common cold, treatment is directed towards treating the signs and symptoms of the condition. The most common medication used include painkillers.
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Diaper rash in infants
The diaper rash in infants is caused by an exposure to urine and stool that is prolonged. The condition leads to irritation on the skin of the baby ( Niu et al., 2017) . In managing the disease, hands need to be washed each time a diaper is changed, and plain water should be used, patting the child dry instead of rubbing, use of mild wipes and regular changing of the child's diapers. The diapers that the parents buy for their kids need to be tested, and also its quality should be assured. The children should be rubbed with high-quality diapers.
Diarrhea in young children
Diarrhea in young children is in most cases is caused by virus infections such as the rotavirus, bacterial infections such as salmonella and parasites such as giardia. The complications that arise from this condition include; fever, dehydration, bloody stool, stomachache, and cramping ( Sistanian et al., 2015) . In managing diarrhea in young children, one should avoid feeding on spicy and fried foods, use BRAT diet which includes, bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast. The food that the children eat need to be well prepared, and they also need to ensure that the food is clean so that the bacteria and germs that may lead to bacteria can be controlled.
Earaches
Viruses and bacteria cause earaches in children, and they grow in the ear when there is a stagnant environment. Being in an inactive environment means that bacteria and virus can grow faster, the ears of the kids need to be cleaned regularly, such activities will ensure that the kid's ears are not stagnant. The child's anatomy also may cause an earache. Unlike the ear of an adult, the ear of a kid is more prone to infections. The complications that arise from pains includes; hearing loss, perforation of the eardrum and mastoiditis, this is a rare complication, and it involves the problems that are associated with the bone that is located behind the ear ( Luther et al., 2017 ). Although many children outgrow the infections that they suffer as children and as adults they develop a perfect earing. If there are repeated ear infections, there might be a tissue growth behind the eardrum. This condition is known as cholesteatoma. The tiny bones in the midsections of the ear will be affected. In some rare cases, the tissues that are Managing the earaches, one can use pain relievers, using ear drops encouraging children to rest and applying heat to the ears. In most cases, using antibiotics in treating the ear infections is not always advised.
Stomachaches in young children
Urinary tract infections are the common causes of stomachaches in children. Streptococci bacteria can also lead to stomachaches in children ( Hagen et al., 2016) . Another common cause of stomach pains among children is constipation, the rectal bleeding due to constipation should be considered as a severe health problem. Stomachaches are common among young children, and almost all children have suffered stomach pains at one point in their childhood. The stomach pains can be a pointer to a severe problem. Stomach pains are of different kinds, and they can be described as follows; general pain, this is pain that covers more than half of the belly of the child. Cramp-like pains, the pain is more likely to cause bloating, this is because gas causes it. Such stomach pain leads to diarrhea, and it does not signify any serious health problem. Another kind of pain that is experienced in the stomach is a colicky pain, the pain appears to come in waves, and it starts suddenly and also ends suddenly. In most cases, these stomachaches are severe. The last kind of pain is the localized pain, and the pain occurs only in one part of the stomach. Children can suffer from fever, skin rashes and loss of appetite, and this can lead to the children being malnourished. In managing the condition, one can use pain relievers and antibiotics. To avoid constipation, the children also need to be fed on a diet that is rich in fiber, children also need to be fed with the apple juice that is unsweetened and prunes juice, this will ensure that the children do not get constipation. This will help in reducing the stomach pains. The children also need to be given water, drinking enough water will help keep the child hydrated, and this will help in gastroenteritis.
References
Allan, G. M., & Arroll, B. (2014). Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal , 186 (3), 190-199.
Biller, J. A., Butros, S. R., Chan-Smutko, G., Abrams, A. N., Chung, D. C., & Hagen, C. E. (2016). Case 6-2016: A 10-Year-Old Boy with Abdominal Cramping and Fevers. New England Journal of Medicine , 374 (8), 772-781.
Felter, S. P., Carr, A. N., Zhu, T., Kirsch, T., & Niu, G. (2017). Safety evaluation for ingredients used in baby care products: Consideration of diaper rash. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology , 90 , 214-221.
Kianifar, H. R., Farid, R., Ahanchian, H., Jabbari, F., Moghiman, T., & Sistanian, A. (2015). Probiotics in the treatment of acute diarrhea in young children. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences , 34 (3), 204-207.
Mahmoudian-Sani, M. R., Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori, M., Asadi-Samani, M., & Luther, T. (2017). A Review of Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Earache and Tinnitus in Iran. The International Tinnitus Journal , 21 (1), 43-48.
