Core public health functions and their major participants
The major core functions of the public health are the assessment, Policy development and the Assurance. The assessment core functions are to monitor the health status thus getting the community health problems that are there. They also diagnose and asses health problems and any given health hazards that are there in the community. They also analyze the effectiveness, accessibility while at the same time evaluating the quality of the given person and also population-based types of health services.
Development of the policies and plans: that will be used to support given individuals and societal health efforts. They are also involved in the enforcement of the laws that also assist them to protect the health and ensure safety. They also conduct research that adds up to the innovative solutions for the prior health problems. They ensure that individuals are connected to the required personal health services thus assuring them of the provision of health care if it is unavailable. They make sure that the employees working in the healthcare sector are not only hardworking but also competent in the public health. They are there to give useful information and insights to the general public to educate them while empowering them. They make sure that they are mobilizing the community partnerships that make sure that they identify and also solve the problems that are there in healthcare ( Stanhope & Lancaster, 2015) .
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Some of the activities that the public health engages with as its function are to determine and monitor water quality. They also educate the general public on the risks of STD/HIV testing and counseling. They are also there to join hands with other private stakeholders in a bid to ensure that they are ending domestic violence. They also ensure that the job is done for health functions are professionals, for instance, digging of wells.
Importance of epidemiology and environmental health to Public health and safety
The health of a given population lies in distinguishing factors. Epidemiology is a major that has a very important role when it comes to the description of the health status, identification of the risk factors while assessing relationships that exists between health and any other distinctive hazardous factors. In a given classical epidemiological triangle where there is the host-agent-environment, there is a consideration of how people in the locality get sick. Disease comes when a given agent from outside the locality that is capable of bringing in a certain disease or any injury joins other hosts that are very vulnerable to the given agent. The same occurs in a place that is free and has a free interaction between the agent and host. The work of epidemiology is to assess the same relationships that exist between the agents and the hosts in the specific environments and at the same point assessing the health status in a given population that have been residing within the same area or environment ( Gostin & Wiley, 2016) .
Epidemiology is seen as one of the important disciplines of public health, the major objective of the discipline is to make sure that it is fulfilling the description of the public health which is defined as “a science and art that is there to develop better solutions to the health sector and prevent occurrence of diseases through organized efforts of the whole people of the society.” In order for an improvement of the health status of any given population to improve, there must be the employment of the epidemiological knowledge and also transformed into other interventions that are useful to the population ( Stanhope & Lancaster, 2015) .
Epidemiology contains a prolonged tradition and over the years has acquired and accumulated a wealth base of experiences that can be used in the assessing of micro-environments and also the certain agents those which will affect health. And even on that note, epidemiology is not considered that important to the extent of being infrequently being applied to measurements of a certain public health matter of factor in the policy level and other strategies. Epidemiology has not also been considered as equipped as much to deal with a given dialogue that is between the stakeholders and the particular scientific disciplines ( Williams, 2017) .
The effectiveness of the federal, state, and local health departments in ensuring public safety
Yes, I feel the system is still effective even today. The public health system in the United States requires the government at all levels that is federal, state and local which have diverse responsibilities that ensure that people become as healthy as possible. They also provided the required political and financial support to the specific public health agencies. They have improved communication within a federal, state and local level. These days unlike before the laboratories are not full of false testing samples. They have eliminated little by little the major problems that face the public health sector and institutions including corruptions. They have ensured that by working together, they can improve at a time of crisis and also addressing the present challenges that are there existing in the society.
References
Gostin, L. O., & Wiley, L. F. (2016). Public health law: power, duty, restraint . Univ of California Press.
Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2015). Public health nursing-e-book: Population-centered health care in the community . Elsevier Health Sciences.
Williams, D. (2017, November). Core public health functions in New Zealand. In EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH (Vol. 27, pp. 434-434). GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND: OXFORD UNIV PRESS.
