Deforestation has increasingly become an environmental and economic concern because of its adverse impacts. It is among the major resource issues that threaten biodiversity today. The rise in deforestation has been brought about by the nationalization of forests or the transfer of management of forests from the communities to the states. When the national government takes charge of forests, there is a tendency for them to be mismanaged compared to when the forests remain under the management of the community (Lonn et al., 2018). Deforestation has mainly been brought about by the need for life sustenance. The decline in the number of resources influences many people to engage in the cutting down of trees on a large scale as a source of income. Also, logging for charcoal burning and other uses are some of the commonest necessities that influence individuals to engage in the large-scale destruction of forests. The socioeconomic effects of eviction are homeless, human rights violations, effect on the economy, climate change, and negative impact on culture. For example, tropical forests offer substantial renewable resources that play a pivotal role in economic growth. However, the cutting down of large quantities of trees to have access to these resources harms the ecosystem and environment. A negative environment or externality on the environment has a ripple effect on economic performance. It is because there will be fewer resources that can support and sustain the existing population. There could also be the Tragedy of the Commons that has adverse impacts on the ecosystems. Such happenings affect the carrying capacity of the ecosystem and the ability of the ecosystem goods and services to play crucial functions. Black (2008) believes that damage to rivers, marine life, and forests as a result of deforestation could result in a reduction of the global gross domestic product by 7% by 2050. Losing wood can be drastic to the world population because about three billion people globally depend on wood for cooking and heating. The major negative economic effect will be due to the fact that many nations rely on the conversion of their forests into agriculture, which results in the loss of long-term income as well as biological productivity. Apart from harming the environment, deforestation, from an economic sense, is also an inefficient energy source. Finally, the Institutional analysis and development framework offers insight into the economic effect of activities. An established system has its culture that acts as the foundation for the protection or destruction of natural resources (Ostrom, 2011). From the framework, it could be argued that deforestation is an economic problem because of the exploitation of forests for economic gain. For instance, logging occurs because businessmen need to sell timber. This timber could be used for making charcoal or wooden products. The ultimate motive is to amass profit and eke a living. Were it not for the money and fuel needs, deforestation would not have occurred. In other words, actors in deforestation are impacted by institutional arrangements, physical environment as well as socio-economic conditions. Overall, deforestation is a socio-economic issue that prevails because of the existence of various actors with a common motive of making money. As a source of resource destruction, deforestation remains a major concern for the population. It is because the negative impacts that it has on both the population and ecosystem far outweigh the positive effects. Consequently, there is a need for the world to devise more sustainable ways of using resources in forests, especially trees.
References
Black, R. (May 29, 2008). Nature loss 'to hurt global poor .' BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7424535.stm
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Lonn, P., Mizoue, N., Ota, T., Kajisa, T., & Yoshida, S. (2018). Biophysical Factors Affecting Forest Cover Changes in Community Forestry: A Country Scale Analysis in Cambodia. Forests , 9 (5), 273.
Ostrom, E. (2011). Background on the institutional analysis and development framework. Policy Studies Journal , 39 (1), 7-27.
