Diabetes type 1 and types 2 are the most common. However, there are other types, such as juvenile and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by the inability of the pancreases to produce insulin. It is mostly diagnosed at childhood and is less associated with body weight. It is treated with insulin injection and is associated with high ketone level at diagnosis ( Lind et al., 2017). Type 2 diabetes, on the other side, is common at an advanced age. It is associated with excess body weight, high blood pressure, and is sometimes patients heal without medication. Physicians diagnose juvenile diabetes among young people. Type 1 diabetes is sometimes called juvenile diabetes because it is common among youths. Finally, physicians diagnose gestational diabetes among women who any signs of the condition before pregnancy. This nature of diabetes shows up in the middle of the pregnancy, and a healthy diet controls it.
Insulin is the best medication for treating diabetes type 1. The patient preparing for this medication should understand that it cannot be taken orally because the enzyme in the stomach can break it down and prevents its action. In this case, they need to prepare to take insulin injection or use an alternative means such as an insulin pump ( Steineck et al., 2015). If the injection is preferred, the patient will need a mixture of insulin types to use throughout the day and night. For insulin pump, there are both wired and wireless pumps that people wear on the body. Healthy eating and monitoring carbohydrates are also alternative ways to treat diabetes type 1 ( Beck et al., 2017). The diet should include fruits, vegetables, and wholes grains. As a patient takes insulin injection or through an insulin pump, they need to understand the side effects such as hypoglycemia, headache, weight gain, rash, itching, flu-like symptoms , and lipoatrophy.
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References
Beck, R. W., Riddlesworth, T., Ruedy, K., Ahmann, A., Bergenstal, R., Haller, S., & Toschi, E. (2017). Effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes using insulin injections: the DIAMOND randomized clinical trial. Jama , 317 (4), 371-378.
Lind, M., Polonsky, W., Hirsch, I. B., Heise, T., Bolinder, J., Dahlqvist, S., & Ahlén, E. (2017). Continuous glucose monitoring vs. conventional therapy for glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections: the GOLD randomized clinical trial. Jama , 317 (4), 379-387.
Steineck, I., Cederholm, J., Eliasson, B., Rawshani, A., Eeg-Olofsson, K., Svensson, A. M., & Gudbjörnsdóttir, S. (2015). Insulin pump therapy, multiple daily injections, and cardiovascular mortality in 18 168 people with type 1 diabetes: an observational study. BMJ, 350 , h3234.
