Over the years, doctors have observed that there are two types of diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes, which is generally not found in obese people, is frequently present due to an insulin resistance. However obese people mostly get the type 2 diabetes due to amount of nonesterified fatty acids, glycerol, hormones, proinflammatory markers, and other substances that are involved in the development of insulin resistance, are increased ( Leslie, 2013) . The development of diabetes is based on the fact that the beta cells of the pancreas are impaired, leading to uncontrolled blood sugar by the pancreas. The development of type 2 diabetes becomes more unavoidable if there is a failure in the beta cells of the pancreas, which is accompanied by insulin resistance.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor is a unique method of treating diabetes with benefits such as glucose control. GLP-1 has also other benefits positive effects on body weight, cholesterol levels, blood pressure and beta-cell function. The GLP-1 mimics the effects of the incretin hormone which is released by the intestine as a response to food intake. The effects of the incretin hormone include increasing insulin secretion, decreasing glucagon released, increasing satiety and also slowing gastric emptying ( Saudek, Margolis & Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2011) .
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Patients with type 2 diabetes require incretin-based therapy which leads to improved glycaemic control with a low occurrence of hypoglycaemic and without any weight loss experienced. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors provide an increase in Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels while GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are injectable and provide pharmacological levels of GLP-1RA. GLP-1RA provides a superior glycaemic control and weight loss as compared to DPP-4. The DPP-4 at times is mostly preferred by most patients and health providers because of its oral submission. The GLP-1RA is observed to significantly a slow the gastric emptying and also reduces the total caloric intake daily. Both GLP-1RA and DPP-4 don’t have a major hypoglycaemia but have side effect which can be either mild or moderate gastrointestinal complains which may include diarrhea, nausea or even vomiting which are more frequent with an exenatide treatment (Yuwiler, 2010).
References
Leslie, R. D. G. (2013). Diabetes . London: Manson Pub.
Saudek, C. D., Margolis, S., & Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2011). Diabetes . Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Medicine.
Yuwiler, J. (2010). Diabetes . San Diego, CA: Reference Point Press.
