The inability of a couple to conceive after having unprotected sex over one year is what constitutes infertility. It is estimated that 15-20% of all couples suffer from infertility, such as dysfunction in normal reproductive functions and processes (Huether & McCance, 2017; Hammer & McPhee, 2019). In both men and women, infertility is caused by genetic or environmental factors. Some of the cause of infertility in both women and men are preventable while some are unavoidable. Similarly, in both men and women, sexually transmitted infections are the can lead to infertility, and they lead to the formation of adhesion and scarring in the reproductive tract.
However, some of the causes of infertility in men and women are different. The organs that lead to infertility in women and men are very different. In case of the women, the major organs that cause infertility include defects in the fallopian tubes, and ovarian dysfunctions diminished ovarian reserves and pelvic infections (Hammer & McPhee, 2019; Huether & McCance, 2017). In case of the men, the major organs that lead to infections include the dysfunction of the testes, immature sperms and defects of the Y chromosome caused by syndromes such as Klinefelter syndrome (Huether & McCance, 2017). Other causes of infertility in men include premature ejaculation, disorders in ejaculation and ejaculatory duct obstructions.
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The fertility of men and women is adversely affected by age. However, women are the most affected sex by age. Once women reach 30 years of age, fertility begins to decline, and it continues to accelerate after the hit 35 years. In case of the males, age has a subtle impact on their fertility as it begins to decline once they attain 40-45 years (Huether & McCance, 2017). Therefore, women need to begin seeking treatment related to infertility once they attain 30 years of age. In cee of the males, infertility despite having delayed infertility, once they reach 40 years of age, their children will most likely suffer from cognitive and developmental impairments as compared to the children of fathers aged 30 years and below.
References
Hammer, G. D., & McPhee, S. J. (2019). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine (8th Ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th Ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
