An argument can be termed as deductive if the individual coming up with the reasoning guarantees that his or her piece of sense is truthful and how they present the idea is straight too. A deductive argument always certifies the conclusion in that the right reasoning must render the correct judgment. On the other hand, the aspect of Inductive thinking uses a broader generalization resulting from exact observations. Mainly, the process considers relevant data, from where conclusions seem to emerge. While inductive arguments may involve developing theories, deductive reasoning always tries to test existing approaches (Heit & Rotello, 2012). Similarly, while the inductive arguments originate from a mare observation to an accurate generalization of findings, the deductive reasoning starts from the conception of results and makes observations. The text will evaluate various arguments to differentiate the different kinds of sense.
“ An investigator seems to believe that most of the bank robberies have an aspect of an inside job. Therefore, after a successful bank robbery, the investigator decides to perform a background check on all their workers to identify individuals who have in the past had criminal dealings”. The reasoning narrows down to the idea that once a criminal is always a criminal. The argument holds any individual working at the bank with previous criminal dealings responsible for the act. Only workers to prior transactions can contribute to an inside job, and there are least chances for new criminals within the bank. If individuals that have previous criminal dealings are still criminals, then habits do not change. If habits do not change, all workers to prior transactions should be held responsible for the bank robbery. All these arguments interrelate and therefore considered a deductive argument. However, Even though deductive thinking may have some aspect of validity, it may not possess strength.
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“ An ornithologist suggests that all the swans he has ever observed are white in color. Therefore, he concludes that all swans are white in color”. The idea generates reasoning that most of the swans that exist are white. There are black swans in Australia that lived over a hundred years ago (Khokhlov, 2011). Another argument suggests that even though there are no swans of other colors in South America, others have different colors in other parts of the world. Others suggest that even black swans have a white body and black necks only. The argument is more of inductive reasoning. All the views presented hold different scenarios from each other. There is an emergence of procedural sense that best describes inductive arguments.
References
Heit, E., & Rotello, C. M. (2008). Multidimensional models of inductive and deductive reasoning.
PsycEXTRA Dataset. https://doi.org/10.1037/e527312012-212
Khokhlov, V. (2011). Black swans are not that Black. SSRN Electronic Journal.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1989084
