Pre- Lab Quiz
Q. 1
Generalist species are considered as those species that can succeed in various environments and always have many diets. While the specialist species are those species that have particular environments, and diets for survival. As a result of the specialist species nature, they tend to have less chances of surviving and adapting to frequent environmental changes. The inability of these species to adapt to such environment or produce would therefore lead to them becoming extinct ( Poisot, Stouffer, & Gravel, 2015). Thus, it can be stated that the endangered species are more repeatedly specialists.
Q. 2
When the temperatures become lower than zero degrees Celsius, the water will become a frozen ice which makes it unavailable for the living creatures. Additionally, when the temperatures are recorded to be higher than zero degrees Celsius but lower than one hundred degrees Celsius, the water will be in a liquid form thus making it available for the living creatures. In most cases, it becomes unusual for the temperatures to increase above one hundred degrees Celsius thus making the water to be in a steam form. Nevertheless, water evaporates in conditions with high temperatures which basically relies on precipitation levels (Landry et al 2016). In desert areas, the water would evaporated and there would be no precipitation and water since the temperatures in the desert are high day time. The evaporation rates become high within the tropical rainforests, however, as a result of the increased precipitation levels, there will be plenty of water.
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Q. 3
Animal species such as the lions are able to adapt to their nature habitat based on the fact that, they depend on each other to acquire food. Lions form a pride by which they are able to hunt at find food ( Gonzalez, & Kang, 2017) . The lions roar is also a significant way through which they adapt to the nature whereby, they roar to inform others of their territories and warn the intruders.
Experiment 1
Q. 1
Table 1: pH and Radish Seed Germination
|
Day |
Acetic Acid |
Sodium Bicarbonate |
Water |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Initial pH |
Orange color faded ( pH-4) |
Green color ( pH-7) |
pH-5 (a light yellow color hardly changed |
|
1 |
No growth |
No growth |
All shoots observed-10 |
|
2 |
No growth |
No growth |
Sprouting-10 |
|
3 |
No growth |
No growth |
Sprouting-10 |
|
4 |
No growth |
No growth |
Sprouting-10 |
|
5 |
No growth |
No growth |
Sprouting-10 |
|
6 |
No growth |
No growth |
Sprouting-10 |
|
7 |
No growth |
No growth |
Sprouting-10 |
Q. 1
( Gonzalez, & Kang, 2017) .
( Gonzalez, & Kang, 2017) .
Q. 2
6 th step: The sixth step is conducting the experiment after which data is collected and presented in tables and graphs.
7 th : The seventh step is the reporting of the results. After the data is acquired, they are analysed and communicated to the involved people.
Q. 4
When the pH is highly neutral, it would be indicated that the radish seeds rate of germination will be greater. No dissimilarity exists in seed growth among acidic and alkaline solution and the seed failed to grow in the solutions. Radish seeds failed to grow in acidic solution. In the alkaline solution, there was no change of the radish seeds. This shows that no solution is better for radish seeds growth.
Q. 5
Based on my results, I would state that the radishes have a large tolerance on the Ph. Do not think radishes have a broad pH tolerance ( Gonzalez, & Kang, 2017) . This is based on the fact that, the radish seeds did not sprout in Acetic Acid which has (pH of 5) and Sodium Bicarbonate which had a (pH of 8), zero out of the ten radish seeds located in every sprouted liquids. It was also observed that when placed in water of (pH of 7), the radish seeds were able to flourish.
Q. 6
Due to the inability of the crops with narrow soil pH to adapt to the numerous pH changes of the soil, they will be in trouble. I also think that, the acid becomes a problem for both species and crops since they cannot adapt to acidic conditions
Q. 7
Acid rains has been considered as one of the major factors that affect plants. This is based on the fact that, they dissolve the imperative nutrients in the soil that are needed by the plants to grow effectively. After dissolving the minerals and the significant nutrients, the acid rains then washes them away before they can be used by the plants ( Gonzalez, & Kang, 2017) . It can be stated that with the increase of the acid rains, they can also lead to the increase of the soil ph.
With an increase in the soil pH will therefore indicate that the soil is acidic which in turn prevents germination of the seeds ( Poisot, Stouffer, & Gravel, 2015) . One of the major solutions that can be applied to assist in this problem is the application of energy sources that do not CO2 which would therefore reduce the amount of C02 in rain water.
Experiment 2: Biomagnification
Data Tables
Q. 1
Element of the Exercise |
Answer |
|---|---|
The original concentration of DDT in the water |
0.002 parts per billion |
Concentration of DDT in the plankton |
95ng/g dw |
|
How many times higher is the concentration of DDT in the plankton than in the water? |
10 times greater |
Concentration of DDT in the shrimp |
64 to 407 ng/g lw |
Concentration of DDT in the seatrout |
7.980ppm |
Concentration of DDT in the osprey |
25parts per million |
|
How many times higher is the concentration of DDT in the osprey than in the water? |
43,000 times |
Post Lab Questions
|
1 half-life |
50% degraded |
|---|---|
|
2 half-lives |
75% degraded |
|
3 half-lives |
88% degraded |
|
4 half-lives |
94% degraded |
|
5 half-lives |
97% degraded |
Q. 1
One of major impact is that, the increased DDT concentration in birds reduces their populations by weakening their egg shells (Landry et al 2016). Additionally, the high concentration of DDT in water is poisonous which therefore leads to fish population since they are killed with the poison.
Q. 2
25 years
0.003gm
0.015gm
Q. 3
I believe that DDT has a long term terrestrial ecosystem than estuary as a result of its persistence. It is indicated that, it does not dissolve easily hence when used, it remains in an area for a long time.
References
Gonzalez, V., & Kang, J. (2017). Effects of Biochar and Compost Aging on Soil Fertility and Radish Germination. J Environ Bio Res , 1 (1), 1.
Landry, K. S., Komaiko, J., Wong, D. E., Xu, T., McCLEMENTS, D. J., & McLANDSBOROUGH, L. Y. N. N. E. (2016). Inactivation of Salmonella on sprouting seeds using a spontaneous carvacrol nanoemulsion acidified with organic acids. Journal of food protection , 79 (7), 1115-1126.
Poisot, T., Stouffer, D. B., & Gravel, D. (2015). Beyond species: why ecological interaction networks vary through space and time. Oikos , 124 (3), 243-251.
