Gender is the state of being male or female; gender is one of the oldest forces shaping human life. Gender differentiates between male and female domains in activities, tasks, spaces, time, and dress; people are socialized and view these as natural, inevitable, and immutable and not as human constructs. Transnational migration is a process of moving and settling across international borders in which individuals maintain or builds multiple networks of connection to their country of origin while at the same time settling in another country. Every person admires to move from one place to another without any barrier and thus the same as people want to move from one country to another without constraints. Boehm (2012), asked people if there were no obstacles to movement between Mexico and the United States which country would they choose to live and their feedback showed that people desire to ‘come and go.' Barriers preventing movements are many for example the U.S have rigid immigration policies which males the Mexican immigrants find it difficult to cross the United States-Mexican border.
According to Boehm (2012), Transnational Mexicans experience intimate migrations which are governed by gendered and familial actions and interactions. Intimate Migrations has put the human face on the reasons why people migrate, changing gender relations and how children experience these dynamic and lots of processes which restrictions U.S immigration laws. Intimate Migrations explores the human side of immigration which portrays everyday lives on both sides of the U.S-Mexican border. According to the Radio Broadcast (2010) report, it is a crime to be an undocumented immigrant in the state; a law was passed known as Arizona’s Immigration Law which aimed at building a facility where the illegal’s that is people who are in the country without legal documentation will be detained. The citizens happened to support immigrant detention without objection as they termed it as their next big market.
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Migration is both a gendered and gendering process; immigration affects the lives of migrants concerning their social, civil, and political rights in a destination society. In many cases, women are seen as household caretakers, and thus women migration is low as men prefer themselves to migrate arguing to go and search for good jobs and take care of their families. Women are left behind to take care of the children and the household; immigration brings some distance relationship as when a man migrates and leaves the wife behind their marriage can be affected especially in as situation where the man stays in another country for long without being in touch with the family more so the wife. Many times things do not turn up as expected and thus a man may think to migrate will earn him a job, but things turn around, and the person ends up stranded in another country. The gap created due to distance may make the wife think the husband neglected her and she may end up moving on with life like getting married again.
Boehm outlines differences between male and female migration in the small rancho of San Marcos in San Luis Potosi as he argues that their young men follow in the footsteps of their fathers, brothers, and uncles and migrate to become full adults and providers. Women remain in the Rancho or migrate later as they are left to take care of the households rather enter into the workforce. The gender differences are shaped by the potency and U.S policy that constructs legal and illegal persons and allows for family reunification policies that fall on kin networks.
According to Adams (2012), the issue of separation of families has become debatable over immigration as a humanistic appeal to those who favor legal deportation. The issue of family is highly gendered, racialized, and monolithic portrayal of the ideal U.S Latino family unit to the exclusion of many relationships dodged in transnational migration which is not limited to nuclear families. International migration has become more gender sensitive from women migrants being wives and children to male migrants to incorporating explanations of the unique experiences of women migrants themselves. In many countries, immigrants are discriminated from the citizens especially those who are in the country illegally; for instance in the video: El Contrato (2013), Mexican citizens working in the United States and Canada face severe conditions even those employed legally. El Contrato documents the experiences of a group of laborers contracted to work in a tomato greenhouse; the tensions between workers, growers and the government reveals the disturbing aspects of the hugely profitable greenhouse industry. There is a misuse of the employees such as overworking them and poor working conditions; this shows how immigrants are taken for granted and abused.
Strict laws which are after denying people immigration rights should be avoided and new rules set which will make transnational migration easy; people like freedom of movement and also to explore thus people should not be denied to cross borders and move and settle in other countries. Immigration should be encouraged rather than being evoked; rules and regulation should be followed for one to migrate and illegal migration should be avoided. When one is in another country illegally, he/she can be seen as a criminal or a person with evil intention especially in today’s world where cases of terrorism are increasing day after day. Gender equality should also be ensured on immigration and discrimination among women and children should be avoided.
References
Adams, D. (2012). On the Borders of Love and Power: Families and Kinship in the Intercultural American Southwest , Berkeley. CA: University of California Press.
Boehm, Deborah. (2012). Intimate Migrations: Gender, Family, and Illegality Among Transnational Mexicans. New York University Press.
Radio Broadcast: (2010). Prison Economics Help Drive Ariz . Immigration Law. NPR
Video: El Contrato: (2013). The Contract .
