The United States has experienced notable dominance in matters of white supremacy with the white population in the country insisting on the fact that it is more superior when compared to other minority communities. White supremacy, otherwise described as white supremacism, is a racist ideology adopted as part of an approach towards indicating that whites are more superior in terms racial abilities. That means that this ideology seeks to support the position that white people should be dominant over people from other racial backgrounds. This has become one of the key aspects of concern considering that white American use the ideology of white supremacy as part of the understanding that they are more superior. However, this is an ill-informed ideology that only seeks to create notable divisions between individuals from different racial or ethnic backgrounds by creating an oppressive position against individuals from the minority communities.
Since the mid-20th century, Oregon has been considered as one of the states that have embraced the notion of racism attributed to the introduction of policies that seek to create a dominant position for the white Americans living in the state. For example, the development and enactment of the black exclusion laws in Oregon served as one of the key indicators of the fact that Oregon was fast moving towards elimination of the black population. That is an aspect that spread into Estacada, Oregon considering that this is one of the notable towns within this particular state. The adoption of policies and examples from the state level within Estacada has played a key role in supporting the position of white supremacy within this particular town. The existence of white supremacy ideologies is glaring when one embarks on a close examination of the history of Estacada and Oregon State as a whole.
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Estacada is one of the towns within Oregon, which is a state considered as sympathetic towards the ideology of white supremacism attributed to its approach when dealing with issues of racism and racial discrimination. Before Oregon joined the Union, now referred to as the United States, it had become an all-white state except for Africans, who were working as slaves for white settlers. Additionally, it is important to consider the fact that the state had developed black exclusion laws as a way of ensuring that African Americans were excluded from this particular state territory. In this particular report, the key focus will be evaluating some of the underlying outcomes associated with the adoption of white supremacism as a fundamental approach towards describing the foundation of the state. The report will also reflect on some of the effects that Estacada and the entire state is experiencing due to the adoption of white supremacism ideologies that support the superiority of whites over other communities.
When reviewing the effects of white supremacism with regard to Estacada, Oregon, one would need to reflect more on the entire Oregon State, as this would serve towards providing viable information on the existence of racial discrimination targeting smaller communities. The laws or policies implemented at the state level within Oregon had a major impact on Estacada, being one of the smaller towns in the state. On the issue of white supremacy in Oregon, this ideology spread significantly in Estacada, as the population in this particular town sought to build on its position with regard to supremacism. Thus, this means that this review will reflect on the history of Oregon State as part of a key approach towards defining the history of Estacada.
The racial makeup in Estacada, Oregon seeks to support the historical position on white supremacism considering that big population of people in the town is white Americans. That can be attributed to the introduction of the black exclusion laws in Oregon State most of which sought to ensure that African Americans did not settle in this particular state. However, this only sought to create some form of disunity among the communities living within the state, as it became difficult for individuals from other communities to move into Estacada, Oregon. That seeks to support the view that the racial makeup in the town is not proportional to the racial makeup of the entire country with regard to racial balance.
The issue of racial composition in Oregon State has created a platform for debate among political leaders in the country, some of who argue that lack of a mixed composition with regard to race creates a significant imbalance in the community. That means that the members of this particular community do not understand the value associated with ensuring that they support of promote mixed racial composition. However, this has been an issue of concern since the founding of this state attributed to the fact that the historical view of the state can be supported from the position of white supremacism.
A historical review of Estacada, Oregon indicates that this particular town has been affected since the American civil war by the notion of white supremacy based on some of the underlying occurrences in the town and state that support this notion. One of the key aspects that would support this particular position on the existence of white supremacy in Estacada, Oregon is the fact that over 92% of the local population is white Americans when compared to 0.7% and 0.5% of African Americans and Hispanics respectively. The non-white population in Estacada, Oregon has been disenfranchised from different perspectives including aspects of housing among others. Consequently, this creates the need for having to embark on an in-depth analysis of the underlying effects that the notion of white supremacy has had on the historical connection associated with Estacada, Oregon.
The entire state of Oregon was founded on the basis that it would act as a white, racist utopia for white Americans that believed in the notion of white supremacy, as well as, those that did not believe in the idea racial mixing. For a long period, white supremacism was closely associated with Oregon State, as this particular state acted as a safe haven for individuals that sought to build on this ideology of whites being more superior. For Estacada, the founding of Oregon as a white, racial utopia defined its history, as one of the towns that would help support this particular ideology. Thus, this worked towards projecting its composition with regard to the overall numbers of whites, blacks, and other communities. From another perspective, one would argue that Estacada, Oregon sought to project itself as a town that supports or believes in the idea of racism as an element that describes the social institution.
Although my family is white American, most members of my family have had notable encounters with people considered as white supremacists and nationalists that seek to support the position that white is more superior when compared to blacks and other minority communities. Personally, I once had an encounter with one of my neighbors, who informed me of the need for having to adopt a rather supremacist approach towards ensuring that the population in Estacada, Oregon remains of white American. During this particular encounter with my neighbor, I noted that my neighbor had developed what would be considered as a sense of understanding that white Americans are more superior when compared to their counterparts from other minority communities.
Personally, I do not subscribe to this particular ideology, as I believe that it only seeks to create some form of separation with regard to the understanding that a community ought to maintain its diversity. However, the historical context of policies implemented within Oregon State seeks to suggest that white supremacy is a social norm for every white American in the state. That means that people find themselves subscribing to the ideology of white supremacy based on the understanding that this seeks to provide them with some form of economic and social security. In my view, I tend to disagree with this position considering that I believe that the notion of white supremacism only seeks to create some form of avenue for segregation of whites and other communities. I disagree with the position that white supremacism is important in ensuring that every individual is given a sense of economic and social security within Estacada and the state as a whole.
From a historical perspective, one would view the concept of white supremacy in Estacada, Oregon as one of the key elements that sought to define its existence. The adoption of white exclusion laws passed on the state level played a central role in building up capacity for the town to maintain its whites-only outlook. Specifically, Estacada, Oregon can be viewed from the perspective that it adopted three specific black exclusion laws as part of ensuring that the white population in the town maintain its supremacy. The first law is Oregon's 1843 Organic laws, which sought to prohibit any form of slavery and involuntary servitude in the territory of Oregon State. However, the laws expounded on the fact that any slave freed within the state had a specific amount of time to leave the territory of Oregon State with men having two years and women having three years to leave.
That was the same position in Estacada where the number of slaves was significant when compared to any other town or county within the state. That created a position that the slaves were to leave Estacada immediately after their release from slavery or involuntary servitude. Estacada can also be seen from the perspective that it adopted what was described as ‘Peter Burnett's lash law’. The law indicated that any African American that would not agree to leave Estacada, Oregon would be subjected to lashing in public. However, no specific individual was exposed to lashing based on the adoption of this particular law until its changing in 1845 to discourage settling of African American in Estacada, Oregon.
The adoption of a law that sought to prevent or discourage settling of African Americans in Estacada, Oregon focused entirely on one individual, George Bush, who had worked as a successful farmer in Missouri. George Bush moved to Estacada in 1845 with his wife and six sons as part of his approach towards setline in the small town. However, the black exclusion laws in the town prevented him from settling within the boundaries of Oregon States attributed to his racial background. That meant that Bush would need to move to an area where the black exclusion laws would not be applicable, thus, leading to his decision to settle on the northern front of the Columbia River in a region near Puget Sound. The idea of having black exclusion laws in the state meant that it would be easier for the white Americans living in this state would promote white supremacy.
The second law on a black exclusion that was considered as being significant in Estacada, Oregon was enacted through the Territorial Legislature on September 21, 1849. In this particular law, one of the key aspects to note was that it sought to illegalize the idea of any negro or mulatto entering or residing in Oregon. However, the law sought to introduce notable exceptions, as it indicated that the African Americans that had already settled within this state were excluded from this particular law. In Estacada, the introduction of this law was significant considering that a big number of people in the town believed that this would be of value towards ensuring that the town maintained its image as one of the towns that did not accommodate African Americans.
Jacob Vanderpool, who was a sailor from West Indies, arrived in Estacada, Oregon in 1850 during which time he made the decision to settle in this small town as part of ensuring that he build a family for himself. However, the existence of a black exclusion law in the town led to his arrest and expulsion from the town and, in essence, the state territory. That sought to affirm the position that white Americans in Estacada considered themselves as being superior in terms of authority when compared to individuals from any other racial background. On the other hand, it is important to note that some of the white Americans in Estacada, Oregon supported specific African Americans, who had received expulsion orders from the town. The overwhelming supporting of these African Americans led to the idea of allowing them to reside within Estacada regardless of the existence of laws that sought to bar them from coming into Estacada.
On November 7, 1857, Oregon State adopted another black exclusion law that sought to bar African Americans in Oregon from being within the state, owning any form of property, as well as, making contracts. The introduction of this particular exclusion law received overwhelming support from the local residents in the state, which was considered as one of the free states. In Estacada, the law came into effect within the same period, thus, meaning that no African American had the right to settle in Estacada due to the existence of this particular exclusion law. However, the decision by the political leadership in Oregon State to join the Union meant that Oregon would be the only state in the Union with an exclusion clause within the basis of its constitution.
Another key aspect to consider when reviewing the consideration of Estacada, Oregon as support the concept and ideology of white supremacy is the fact that majority of the people in this town believed in the Northwest Territorial Imperative. The Northwest Territorial Imperative is a white separatist idea that seeks to highlight the need for white Americans to move to towns and states that would support the need for a white-only population. The idea was popularized in the 1980s during which time African Americans were facing immense challenges in terms of integration into the American society. The idea sought to create an understanding that whites have the power allowing them to build communities that would be considered as whites-only communities.
From the list of towns presented, one of the key aspects to note was that Estacada, Oregon was listed as one of the most favorable towns for white separatists intending to create a community that would support a whites-only ideology. From that perspective, it was evident that Estacada was working towards ensuring that it projected itself as a white separatist community or town till the late 20th century. On the other hand, this also helps in the presentation of the understanding that Estacada would focus much of its attention towards building a community that did not incorporate or support racial integration. Estacada advocated for the need for white Americans to create their individual population structures that would ensure that they do not mix or interact with individuals from any other racial or ethnic background. That is an aspect that can be seen from the racial composition of the town today, as has been indicated earlier in this report.
The popularization of the Northwest Territorial Imperative idea in Estacada, Oregon in the 1980s played a key role in changing the perceptions that the local populations held towards individuals from other racial and ethnic communities. Since the late 1800s during which time the laws that sought to exclude African Americans were rescinded, most of the people in Estacada had developed an open mentality towards incorporating African Americans. The population of African Americans and Hispanics in the town began to rise at a steady pace in the early and mid-1900s. However, this changed significantly in the 1980s immediately after the introduction of the Northwest Territorial Imperative idea. The idea resulted in a significant change in the way white Americans viewed individuals from the smaller communities settling in this particular town specifically focusing on the fact that these individuals were out to take advantage of the people living within this town.
Ultimately, this created some form of a shift in white supremacism in Estacada, Oregon from which people developed what would describe as "need for change." The introduction of this new idea resulted in a situation where the white Americans, who were the most significant population in the town, developed approaches that would see disenfranchisement of the African American and Hispanic population in the town. For example, most of the African Americans and Hispanics experienced a major challenge in their bid to securing employment and housing, thus, acting as a source of frustration. Most individuals from the smaller communities and racial backgrounds moved out of the town and settled in other states within the boundaries of the United States that would accommodate racial differences.
Since the 1980s, Estacada, Oregon has recorded a significant increase in cases of violence touching on white supremacism, as well as, the number of white separatist groups and movements in the town are increasing. One such group that has become synonymous with Estacada is the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), which was recently involved in a recruitment process targeting high school students within Estacada. The existence of racial discrimination focusing on African Americans and other smaller communities has created a situation where individuals from this communities are moving out of this town and state. According to the 2013 census, the population of African Americans in the Oregon States was less than 200 in a population of over 154,000 people in the state. That means that white separatist movements have become more vocal in their approach towards establishing the position of white Americans not only within Estacada but also in Oregon State.
Following the adoption of the Northwest Territorial Imperative idea in Estacada, cases of violence were reported focusing on African Americans, who were exposed to violence as a way of intimidating the African American community. On the night of November 12th, 1988, Mulugeta Seraw, who was an Ethiopian student attending college in the United States, had an encounter with three white separatists, Kenneth Murray "Death" Mieske, Kyle Brewster, and Steve Strasser. The three were considered as members of white separatist movements referred to as East Side White Pride and White Aryan Resistance (WAR) both of which have its membership base within Estacada, Oregon. The encounter resulted in the beating to death of Mulugeta Seraw with a baseball bat with the killing being associated with the social concept of “race.”
Ultimately, this sough to suggest that white American population within Estacada was changing its mentality towards the idea of incorporating or adopting other communities. Although the three perpetrators of the crime were arrested and convicted of the crimes, one of the key aspects to note was they sought to send a message that white supremacism was a key aspect of consideration in Estacada and Oregon. The long-term effect of this killing was that it sparked fear among members of the smaller communities living within Estacada and Oregon State attributed to the fact that the white American population intended to show its supremacy. The killing resulted in demonstrations with a major rally being held at the South Park Blocks as part of highlighting the challenges that the African American population was experiencing in the larger Oregon region.
Regarding the reoccurrence of violence, in 2012, two good Samaritans were stabbed to death attributed to their decision to step in and help two women from the yelping of a racial slur from a white American man. The man involved in this stabbing was believed to be a member of the KKK white separatist movement in Estacada, which sought to support the position that such movements were becoming more visible in Estacada and Oregon State as a whole. The two good Samaritans, white Americans, were involved in a confrontation in which a KKK member was yelping racial slur at two women while they were engaging in their private activities. The decision by these two individuals to step in and help the women was viewed as a betrayal of the ideologies associated with white supremacism.
The stabbing of these two individuals sparked outrage among African Americans in the United States, as well as, human rights activists. They argued that it was within the mandate for the United States government to ensure that it provided security for American citizens. One of the key areas that African Americans and human rights activists pointed out is the fact that the United States Constitution provides American citizens with the right to reside anywhere in the country. That means that any individual has a right to settle in Estacada or in any other place within Oregon State depending on one's expectation within a given region. However, the fact that white Americans in Estacada and other towns within Oregon had developed some form of approach towards white supremacism was indeed wrong.
During this time, I was able to take note of the fact that most of the residents within Estacada, Oregon did not seek to incorporate their views in the matter considering that they held a white separatist view with regard to the events occurring within the community. From a personal perspective, I considered such actions, especially the stabbing of the two good Samaritans, as having created a worrying trend in matters of creating social cohesion considering that it would be become somewhat challenging for members of African Americans and other minority communities to settle in Estacada, Oregon. In the question on whether I support the idea of white supremacism, I would argue that I do not support this position attributed to the fact that it does not present any form of facts on the superiority of white Americans over other communities.
On May 26, 2017, Jeremy Joseph Christian, who was considered as a white separatist associated with different movements, fatally stabbed two people while on a train while injuring another. The main issue of focus resulting in the attack was the fact that other people on the train had confronted Jeremy Joseph Christian after his decision to yelp racial and anti-Muslim slur at two teenage girls. Jeremy Joseph Christian, who was considered as an individual that believed in the need for white supremacism, believed that the two teenage girls did not have a right of riding within the same train as white Americans attributed to their racial and religious backgrounds. Thus, this created a situation where some of the people on the train sought to confront Jeremy Joseph Christian due to his actions against the two teenage girls.
However, Jeremy Joseph Christian attacked the individuals that had confronted him killing two and injuring another. That sought to support the position that white supremacism is a key issue that still plagues Estacada and the Oregon State region. The attack, although was condemned by leaders in the town and state, is seen as a some of the approaches towards defining the frustration that white Americans are having attributed to the incorporation of African Americans in white supremacy communities. That means that a big population of the people in Estacada and Oregon State still hold the white supremacist ideology as part of their understanding of the social setting. On the other hand, this also sought to support the position that white separatists are slowly integrating their views on matters of white supremacism within the American society. In that view, it is important to suggest that they are working towards ensuring that the society adopts what would be described as a white supremacism approach.
White supremacy is a racist ideology adopted as part of an approach towards indicating that whites are more superior in terms racial abilities. Oregon has been considered as one of the states that have embraced the notion of racism attributed to the introduction of policies that seek to create a dominant position for the white Americans. The racial makeup in Estacada, Oregon seeks to support the historical position on white supremacism considering that big population of people in the town is white Americans. According to the 2013 census, the population of African Americans in the Oregon States was less than 200 in a population of over 154,000 people in the state. Personally, I once had an encounter with one of my neighbors, who informed me of the need for having to adopt a rather supremacist approach towards ensuring that the population in Estacada, Oregon remains of white American. The adoption of white exclusion laws passed on the state level played a central role in building up capacity for the town to maintain its whites-only outlook.
My personal understanding of the topic in question is that white supremacism has contributed to a situation where individuals, who consider themselves as white separatists are engaging in actions that highlight white superiority. Most of these actions revolve around the idea of violence targeting members of other minority communities within both Estacada and Oregon State. I tend to find myself opposing this position on white supremacism considering that I do not believe in the fact that white people are more superior when compared to their counterparts from other communities.
Some of the examples of events that would support the underlying effects of white supremacism in Estacada, Oregon are the killing of Mulugeta Serawon the night of November 12th, 1988, who was an Ethiopian student attending college in the United States. Two good Samaritans were stabbed to death attributed to their decision to step in and help two women from the yelping of racial slur from a white American man in 2012, On May 26, 2017, Jeremy Joseph Christian, who was considered as a white separatist associated with different movements, fatally stabbed two people while on a train while injuring another.
References
Allen, R. L. (2001). The globalization of white supremacy: Toward a critical discourse on the racialization of the world. Educational Theory, 51 (4), 467-485.
Bery, S. (2014). Multiculturalism, teaching slavery, and white supremacy. Equity & Excellence in Education, 47 (3), 334-352.
Bonds, A., & Inwood, J. (2016). Beyond white privilege: Geographies of white supremacy and settler colonialism. Progress in Human Geography, 40 (6), 715-733.
Davis, A. M. (2012). Racial reconciliation or retreat? How legislative resolutions apologizing for slavery promulgate white supremacy. The Black Scholar, 42 (1), 37-48.
Hage, G. (2012). White Nation: Fantasies of white supremacy in a multicultural society . Routledge.
Inwood, J., & Bonds, A. (2016). Confronting white supremacy and a militaristic pedagogy in the US settler colonial state. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 106 (3), 521-529.
Jorgensen, C. (1995). The African American critique of White supremacist science. Journal of Negro Education , 232-242.
Leonardo, Z. (2004). The color of supremacy: Beyond the discourse of ‘white privilege’. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 36 (2), 137-152.
Ruiz-Velasco, C. (2007). Order Out of Chaos: Whiteness, White Supremacy, and Thomas Dixon, Jr. College Literature, 34 (4), 148-165.
Urrieta Jr, L. (2006). Community identity discourse and the heritage academy: Colorblind educational policy and white supremacy. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 19 (4), 455-476.
Carl Jorgensen, (1995). The African American critique of White supremacist science. Journal of Negro Education , 232-242.
Ricky Lee Allen, (2001). The globalization of white supremacy: Toward a critical discourse on the racialization of the world. Educational Theory, 51 (4), 467-485.
Ricky Lee Allen, (2001). The globalization of white supremacy: Toward a critical discourse on the racialization of the world. Educational Theory, 51 (4), 467-485.
Sadhana Bery, (2014). Multiculturalism, teaching slavery, and white supremacy. Equity & Excellence in Education, 47 (3), 334-352.
Luis Urrieta Jr, (2006). Community identity discourse and the heritage academy: Colorblind educational policy and white supremacy. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 19 (4), 455-476.
Zeus Leonardo, (2004). The color of supremacy: Beyond the discourse of ‘white privilege’. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 36 (2), 137-152.
Joshua Inwood & Anne Bonds, (2016). Confronting white supremacy and a militaristic pedagogy in the US settler colonial state. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 106 (3), 521-529.
Zeus Leonardo, (2004). The color of supremacy: Beyond the discourse of ‘white privilege’. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 36 (2), 137-152.
Joshua Inwood & Anne Bonds, (2016). Confronting white supremacy and a militaristic pedagogy in the US settler colonial state. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 106 (3), 521-529.
Joshua Inwood & Anne Bonds, (2016). Confronting white supremacy and a militaristic pedagogy in the US settler colonial state. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 106 (3), 521-529.
Angelique M. Davis, (2012). Racial reconciliation or retreat? How legislative resolutions apologizing for slavery promulgate white supremacy. The Black Scholar, 42 (1), 37-48.
Luis Urrieta Jr, (2006). Community identity discourse and the heritage academy: Colorblind educational policy and white supremacy. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 19 (4), 455-476.
Anne Bonds & Joshua Inwood, (2016). Beyond white privilege: Geographies of white supremacy and settler colonialism. Progress in Human Geography, 40 (6), 715-733.
Ghassan Hage, (2012). White Nation: Fantasies of white supremacy in a multicultural society . Routledge.
Anne Bonds & Joshua Inwood, (2016). Beyond white privilege: Geographies of white supremacy and settler colonialism. Progress in Human Geography, 40 (6), 715-733.
Carl Jorgensen, (1995). The African American critique of White supremacist science. Journal of Negro Education , 232-242.
Luis Urrieta Jr, (2006). Community identity discourse and the heritage academy: Colorblind educational policy and white supremacy. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 19 (4), 455-476.
Chris Ruiz-Velasco, (2007). Order Out of Chaos: Whiteness, White Supremacy, and Thomas Dixon, Jr. College Literature, 34 (4), 148-165.
Sadhana Bery, (2014). Multiculturalism, teaching slavery, and white supremacy. Equity & Excellence in Education, 47 (3), 334-352.
Ricky Lee Allen, (2001). The globalization of white supremacy: Toward a critical discourse on the racialization of the world. Educational Theory, 51 (4), 467-485.
Sadhana Bery, (2014). Multiculturalism, teaching slavery, and white supremacy. Equity & Excellence in Education, 47 (3), 334-352.
Anne Bonds & Joshua Inwood, (2016). Beyond white privilege: Geographies of white supremacy and settler colonialism. Progress in Human Geography, 40 (6), 715-733.
Ricky Lee Allen, (2001). The globalization of white supremacy: Toward a critical discourse on the racialization of the world. Educational Theory, 51 (4), 467-485.
Sadhana Bery, (2014). Multiculturalism, teaching slavery, and white supremacy. Equity & Excellence in Education, 47 (3), 334-352.
Sadhana Bery, (2014). Multiculturalism, teaching slavery, and white supremacy. Equity & Excellence in Education, 47 (3), 334-352.
