The concept of egalitarianism and stratified society emanates from the cultural evolutionism theories, whose application to the contemporary society is often insufficient due to the simplistic nature of the outline of ancient society. Essentially, egalitarianism implies equality among all members of the society or a social group. It is a type of an organization where there is no dissimilarity in access to the resources. Besides, there is no work or craft specialization. On the other hand, stratification is characterized by social differentiation where people are grouped based on their socio-economic strata. It is always characterized by unequal access to basic resources, exploitation of some group of the society based on age and gender, and work specialization where men tend to outrank women.
Egalitarianism emphasizes both on, equal treatment of people, and distributive justice. As such, when viewed from the perspective of political philosophy, egalitarianism is a possibility, and in fact, operational in the contemporary society since many nations world over have designed their constitutions in a way that promote equality of all citizens.
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The intensified economic problems in the recent years have elicited a fierce debate among the proponents and opponents of tax variation between the people more than the middle class. Those who support the imposition of higher tax on the wealthy argue that, the rich can easily afford substantial contributions. On the other hand, opponents of the idea claim that increasing tax for the wealthy is counterproductive and prone to worsening the problem than solving it. Essentially, this ongoing debate is related to the negative aspects of the stratification in that, when the rich are taxed equally with the middle class and the poor, the gap between the poor and the rich will remain wide. This will lead to social differentiation where people are grouped based on their socio-economic strata, with the poor being at a risk of exploitation which, ideally, is in line with the negative aspects of stratification.
