Prisons are getting crowded, leading to insecurity issues among the inmates and prison staff. Thus, it is crucial to ensure stability both outside and inside prisons. Several security measures have been put in place for both physical and skilled officers to take care of security and safety in prisons. The two play an important in ensuring that everything runs smoothly in the facility. Precisely, physical security involves the structure that keeps inmates in place. For instance, high walls, face detection are essential aspects of a secure prison. Another critical aspect is inmates' categorization, classification, and allocation. The prisoners are categorized according to the risks they pose to the staff, fellow inmates, and the entire community. Category A inmates are dangerous to the community, the police, and prisoners; thus, their escape may be detrimental to the welfare of the community. For category, B prisoners do not need high-level security, but security and safety should be paramount. Category C prisoners do not have enough resources to make a planned escape, but officers should observe them. In contrast, Category D prisoners can be trusted and allowed to face their sentences in open spaces (Committee, 2014) . Therefore, it is essential to place prisoners in their rightful institutions, which are either local jails, federal prisons, or state penitentiary.
Also, there are several methods used to maintain security and control prisoners in collection centers. These methods include administrative segregation, classification, administrative models, and guarding prisons. Administrative segregation is a form of segregation that separates high-risk prisoners from the rest. The high-risk prisoners pose a threat to the life, self, and prison's property. Prisoners that have a pending investigation for trial also face segregation as they pose an unknown threat. Thus, it is vital to categorize prisoners following the risk they pose for placement reasons. The following are reasons why prisoners are placed in administrative segregation. One, if an inmate is charged with disciplinary violation awaiting the hearing. The disciplinary hearing takes about for days, after which a segregation meeting is carried. Secondly, when a criminal poses a high risk to escape. Thirdly, when an inmate requests or requires protection from other inmates. Fourthly, when a prisoner poses a danger to him or herself and other inmates. Fifth, during the investigative process, especially when the inmates face commission crime and the wardens feel that the prisoner poses a danger to the facility's security and operation. Lastly, when a physician provides an assessment of the unstable state of the inmate's mind (Jalongo, 2019).
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The second method is classification. In maintaining the security and smooth of prisons, it is crucial to establish an effective offender classification. The classification poor smooth flow of daily activities and ensure the system responsive to changing demographics, agency policy, and sentencing statutes. Therefore, it is crucial for all jails, no matter the size, to carry out classification. Classification is used to evaluate prisoners and make housing decisions that are appropriate to the diverse inmate population. Additionally, classification helps in determining the level of supervision needed to maintain and control inmates. It also provides details on new inmates, mainly social, educational, psychological, and medical issues. The classification process is primarily used to maintain effective management of inmates in a secure, safe correction facility and maintain equitable, humane treatment. For classification to be useful, it must be a continuous process done regularly, especially during incarceration. Inmates classification is the backbone of the smooth flow of operation in prisons. It is crucial to ensure that decisions are not made capriciously, and courts have reprimanded several jails for failing to provide equitable and adequate classification methods (Tahamont, 2019) .
The third strategy of maintaining a smooth flow and secure operations in prison is the administrative model. This model mainly deals with the inmate's conduct, importation, deprivation, and administrative control. Also, the model states that the inmate's behavior directly impacts the prison's environment. Thus, it is essential to ensure that prison socialization is maintained as it shapes the inmates' social structure and adaptation to the new environment. The administrative model states that general prison operations are a determiner of the inmate's misconduct. Hence, the model focuses on management issues such as programming and discipline to curb insecurity in prisons. Additionally, the administrative model has the following benefits in ensuring the smooth flow of operations. One, the model ensures that the prison achieves the set mission of peace and correction. Two, it ensures the enhancement and preservation of crucial jail resources. Thirdly, the model avoids rates liability and litigation costs. Forth, it reduces insurance premiums. Also, the strategy reduces the turnover rates and lost time and work, increasing the staff productivity. The model reduces the cost of repair of walls, facilities, and vehicles. Additionally, the management will reduce revenue interruptions and extra expenses. Lastly, the model will preserve the goodwill and maintain a public perception of the correction facility (Committee, 2014) .
The last strategy is physical security that is the main form of guarding the prison; thus, it is exceptionally crucial. The walls and guards keep intimates out of the society. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that the walls are high and there are detection systems, both facial and voice. The Department of Correctional Services has provided a layout and design that will maintain a high prison security level. The department has also described several facilities needed to maintain security in the prison building by attaching systems such as security fences, closed-circuit television, detection systems, and alarms. The systems should identify the presence of individuals in vehicles and notify the security guards. This form of security is possible using seismic sensors that are placed in vehicles that lead to shock waves generated by a beating heart. Also, the staff should be highly trained to handle inmates of all categories. The security guards will also be tasked with searching prisoners' belongings and movement both inside and outside prisons. Therefore, it is the sole responsibility to ensure the correction facilities are safe and run smoothly. The only way to make sure this is achieved is through training and education (Angell, Matthews, et al. 2014) .
In a nutshell, the prison population is growing, and heightened security is essential. Security is maintained through extensive training of correctional officers and designing a flawless prison building. All the aspects of maintaining security are equally important for protecting inmates, staff, and the public. Therefore, all these factors play an essential role in the smooth operation of prisons. For instance, a detection system cannot work without a trained officer, and a warden can not be effective without these systems. A faulty detection system can be a result of inadequate training of officers.
References
Angell, B., Matthews, E., Barrenger, S., Watson, A. C., & Draine, J. (2014). Engagement
processes in model programs for community reentry from prison for people with serious mental illness. International journal of law and psychiatry , 37 (5), 490-500.
Committee, C. C. H. R. I. (2014). Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring
Causes and Consequences . National Academies Press.
Jalongo, M. R. (2019). Prison dog programs: Renewal and rehabilitation in correctional
facilities . Cham: Springer.
Tahamont, S. (2019). The effect of facility security classification on serious rules violation
reports in California prisons: a regression discontinuity design. Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 35 (4), 767-796.
