The epidemiological significant infectious diseases In the United States of America include but not limited to: HIV and AIDS, hepatitis, tuberculosis, whooping cough(from Bordetella pertussis), chicken pox, leishmaniasis (kala azar) and zikka virus.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a RNA virus which is transcribed to DNA by reverse transcriptase to cause a viral infection, the mode of transmission is through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, needle pricks and vertically from mother to child. HIV has no cure, HAART (HIGHY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY) is being used to reduce the transmission rates and HIV morbidity. Several research for a vaccine are underway but there is no breakthrough yet. HIV causes AIDs after an incubation period of 9.5 years, AIDs is deadly if no HAART is initiated. HIV and AIDS is a significant problem in the US, National institute of allergy and infectious diseases estimate that 50000 fresh cases of retroviral infection occur annually. CDC reports that 39513 fresh cases of HIV infection occurred in 2015, the high incidence may be attributed to homosexuality and intravenous drug use and the decline are due to preventive efforts.
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Hepatitis is the injury of the liver cells caused by hepatotropic viruses like hepatitis A, B and C. CDC released a report in 2011 that indicated 2700 new cases of hepatitis A infection occur each year in the US. Hepatitis B infection is among the deadliest infection in the US, the goodness is, it has a vaccine released under EPI, its spread sexually, through blood transfusion and from mother to child. CDC estimates that 700000 to 1.4 million Americans have chronic liver infection due to Hepatitis B, 19000 new cases reported reported in 2011. Hepatitis C is a flavivirus spread mainly via blood and blood products is common in the US, this maybe be attributed to the high numbers of intravenous drug users in the country, it has no vaccine yet, CDC received 2194 cases in 2014 from 40 states incidence is 0.7 cases per 100000 population.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Estimates of new HIV infections in the United Stateswww.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/overview/index.html. Accessed 9 December 2017
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Statistics & Surveillance/ Division of Viral Hepatitis/CDC https://www.cdc.gov > hepatitis > statistics Accessed 9 December 2017
