Epidemiology is one of the domains in public health that significantly influences policy-making based on evidence. The scientific discipline entails the analysis of disease patterns, etiologies, and impacts (MacDonald & Gray, 2016) . In this case, several measures in epidemiology are entirely useful. Some of these are covered in the paper and include incidence, prevalence, mortality, and mortality. Incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases of medical conditions within a given population at risk at a particular time. It is best expressed as a proportion. It is calculated as the number of new cases of illness within a specified period, mostly annually, divided by the size of the population initially regarded as healthy. Whereby, the incidence rate is considered very small, and the number of new cases is then illustrated per 100,000 individuals ( World Health Organization, 2005) . On the other hand, prevalence refers to the measure of the degree of some disease in a population at a given period. It is the number of disease cases found to have been affecting a given population. The measure is determined by dividing the number of people with the condition by that of examined individuals at a given time. Typically, it is expressed as a percentage and number of cases per 100,000 or 10,000 persons. The measure is of paramount importance as it captures the proportion of those who begin the study already with the condition as well as those who acquire it during the process. Also, the measure identifies the number of people with the disease at a particular period as well as those who had it at some point in their lives (Van, 2014) . Mortality is also known as the death rate and is calculated by the number of deaths in a defined time divided by the population size amidst which the mortalities took place. It is mostly expressed in values of 1,000. The measure is f critical essence in determining the occurrence of death in a specified population within a specified interval. The data can be accessed to determine the next course of action depending on the rates of mortality. Morbidity refers to rates of diseases, disability, and poor health cases as a result of any causes. In fact, it can relate to the incidence or prevalence of the condition ( World Health Organization, 2005) . In general, the epidemiological measure is useful in determining the proportion of ill individuals and describing the duration of sicknesses encountered by the affected individuals. Data regarding morbidity in regard to prevalence and incident rates are of paramount importance in the domain of insurance. For this reason, the measure of illness within the population can be manipulated by actuarial professionals to determine the correct amounts to charge clients as premiums. Such information facilitates insurers to predict the likelihood of the insured developing certain sicknesses (Statistics Canada & Canadian Institute for Health Information, 2007) . Conclusively, mortality and mortality rates are of paramount importance in the domain of health. These two aspects are more health indicators as they help reflect the disease burden on a particular region. Thus, this kind of data is essential as it helps to enhance the quality of medical care.
References
MacDonald, T. H., & Gray, D. P. (2016). Basic Concepts in Statistics and Epidemiology . Boca Raton: CRC Press.
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Statistics Canada, & Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2007). Health indicators . Ottawa: Canadian Institute for Health Information.
Van, D. B. (2014). Epidemiology: Principles and practical guidelines . Place of publication not identified: Springer.
World Health Organization. (2005). World health statistics 2005 . Geneva: Author.
