According to Viney et al., (2016), Emmanuel Kant was born in Konigsberg in 1724. He was raised on a humble background by his pietist parents. He attended the University of Konigsberg where he initially focused on classics. Philosophy later became his favorite in which two pieces The Rationalism of Gottfried Leibniz and Christian Wolf influenced his early life. In his experience as a private tutor and then as a professor, he published many essays and other short works. He contributed to physics, astronomy, and earth science and wrote philosophical treaties.
In the early 1770s, Kant decided to respond to Hume, and he could only achieve this by reorienting his approaches to epistemology. It was during this period that Kant had the most productive years of his life. In 1781, he published the Critique of Pure Reason and two years later he wrote Prolegomena to any future Metaphysic. In ethics, he wrote Groundwork for Metaphysics of Moral in 1785, and three years later he authored Critique of Practical Reason. In 1790 he published the Critique of the Power of Judgement. In the latter years, he made several philosophical publications on religion that continued to earn him fame.
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Viktor Frankl 1905 – 1997 was born in Vienna Austria. He was involved in a socialist youth organization where he developed an interest in psychiatry. At 16 years, he started writing to Sigmund Freud, and one of his short papers was published when he was 19. He was the head of Rothschild Hospital when the Germans captured Austria. According to Frankl, (1985), Viktor was deported to a concentration camp together with his family. He survived four Nazis camp but lost all his family members. After getting out of the camp in 1945 following the defeat of the Germans, he published a book that formed the basis for his ideas on Logotherapy.
According to Kant, acting morally and following reason are the same thing. Similarly, being a rational agent requires one to follow the moral law as prescribed by a practical goal and doing the contrary is acting irrationally. His theory is a form of deontology which is Greek term for obligation or duty. The moral law is obtained from the structure of practical reason, and it binds and obligates every one. To Kant, one should respect their human nature and should not make exceptions for oneself while deciding how to act and in so doing, they should be within the rules. The moral law according to Kant is self-imposed and equally binding.
According to Frankl, (1985), Viktor’s ability to overcome the challenges experienced at that time provides an ethical dimension for a living and behaving well. It offers moral aspects on how to be a decent being despite the challenges faced in real life. He had two problems to deal with that of power exemplified by Hitler and suffering undergone by the Jews during in the Holocaust. Frankl perspective of courage is consistent with the classical view of courage in which the holder has an element of fear. Frankl observed that people should change from self-focus to focusing on the meaning. His perspective of ethical responsibility is the basis for moral behavior and yearning for life with a purpose (Wong, 2010).
The goal of healthcare professionals is to offer required services to their clients. Their practices should be consistent with the traditions, beliefs and cultural values of the patients they serve. Healthcare providers should understand the benefits, lifestyle, and views that will form the basis for offering the desired services. According to Fry, Veatch & Taylor (2010), values are popular conceptions as well as standards that guide behavior. Professionals who adhere to the identified elements develop a caring attitude to the patients while enabling them to develop critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. Similarly, they are selfless and dedicated to the welfare of others. Also, patients are treated with dignity and love in an honest, fair and ethical manner. Professionals need to conduct their activities morally if they are to develop their values like respect, obligation, and responsibility. They are supposed to be aware of their inclination, feeling, and emotions. Lastly, they should behave professionally to achieve the desired outcome in their professional activities and encounters.
Reference
Frankl, V. E. (1985). Man’s search for meaning (Revised and updated). New York, NY: Washington Square Press.
Fry, S., Veatch, R., & Taylor, C. (2010). Case studies in nursing ethics . Sudbury, Mass.: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Viney, W., King, D. B., & Woody, W. D. (2016). A history of psychology: ideas and context . New York: Routledge
Wong, P. T. P. (2010). Meaning therapy: An integrative and positive existential psychotherapy. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 40 (2), 85-93.
