350 ppm simply means the amount of Carbon (IV) Oxide (CO 2 ), usually measured in parts per million, in the atmosphere that is desirable to human beings and is considered livable. The figure indicates the state of the globe as regards warmer climates associated with an increased accumulation of greenhouse gases including CO 2 , which pose enormous threats to living organisms of the biosphere. For instance, the current quantity of atmospheric CO 2 is 400 ppm, which is directly linked to human civilization like industrialization.
The theme regarding the question of how, when, and why specific regions of the world industrialized prior to the others and how the latter adopted the civilization process. Again, the theme concerning the emergence of nation-states depicts former political restructurings over the last two decades. The second theme relates to the existing gaps and their repercussions with respect to wealth distribution and power superiority, especially in Europe and North America (Rilut, 2015). Finally, the fourth theme addresses how the environment supported modern developments and the impacts of human activities on global ecosystems.
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The Rise of the West began when Spain conquered vast and wealthy American civilizations. This idea compelled Europeans to show their superiority through Christianity and later by Greek heritage secular, rationalistic, and scientific knowledge (Rilut, 2015). Again, the renaissance and enlightenment periods mark the Rise of the West, primarily due to the French and American revolutions, which greatly relied on capitalism as a tool for progress. Therefore, the emergence of western values and cultures are fundamental factors that mark the Rise of the West. Ideally, the core reason for the rise is attributed to the expectations of the Europeans to adopt equality, liberty, and brotherhood (Rilut, 2015). This is evident in their institutional democratic requirements to facilitate a better understanding of the world.
There has been a conspicuous inequality between the industrialized nations and other developing countries due to the latter’s failure to industrialize; hence the stagnating or slowed modernization rates. The ideal concept explaining the gap involves the detrimental environmental effects of industrialization that continue to make poor nations poorer and the rich ones richer. European exceptionalism in addition to the discovery of America by Columbus as the forefront factors that greatly supported the rise in what is referred to as the European miracle. Therefore, the gap is exemplified in Europe’s unique features that facilitated her rapid modernization and diffusion of moral power and authority, contrary to the rest of the world that was predominated by cultural, economic, and political bottlenecks (Rilut, 2015).
Euro-centrism is a theoretical model that expounds how the world works in terms of economic and political global dominance. Conversely, social Darwinism is the explanation of the aforesaid political, social, and economic aspects of modernization through the evolutionary theory of natural selection. Therefore, the two concepts are important in theoretically explaining how the natural geographical position of Europe, America, and Asia shaped their civilization. Therefore, the Euro-centric myths depict the origin of modernization of the world and why the current gap exists.
A story, like the Rise of the West, is important in comprehending the truth about how the world works. Alternative narratives are equally vital in either supporting or disputing alleged facts about a given story, especially those based on Euro-centrism. Hence, the two ideas help scholars to assess existing assumptions about what we know and how we know it.
Such narratives are wholly dependent on global forces rather than the inventiveness, English pluck, or political affiliations. Therefore, the contingencies and conjectures regarding the need for agricultural and mineral goods silver, gold, cotton, and slaves to provide labor explain why the world is what it is currently (Rilut, 2015).
Reference
Rilut, M. (2015, 3 rd ed.). Origin of the Modern World. Introduction: The Rise of the West? Pp. 1-17.
