The article, exploring the Lived Experience of Migrants Dying Away from their Country of Origin , examines the challenges faced by the migrants while in foreign countries. There are instances when the migrants are faced with end-of-life illnesses thus leading to a reduced quality of life. The study relied on a qualitative research design where it utilized the phenomenological approach. Stories about dying and dead immigrants were collected using Heidegger’s philosophy. The researchers established that the type of life experienced depended on how the immigrants adapted to their country of belonging. Life was also improved through education as well as spiritual well-being. The paper provides a qualitative review of the study.
Critical Appraisal of Qualitative Research
Elements of Style
The article presents enough information that enables critical appraisal. The study is organized into an introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and finally conclusion. The information contained in every section indicates that a comprehensive research was done. The article was written by three authors that include Yvonne Bray, Valarie Wright-St. Clair, and Felicity Goodyear-Smith. The authors are all indicated as members of Auckland University in New Zealand. They work in the faculties of Medical and Health Science and Health and environmental Sciences. The identifying information thus indicates that they are qualified to conduct the research. The abstract provided by the authors is clear as it summarizes the major parts of the research including purpose, method, results, as well as conclusion. The recommendations are presented in the conclusion. The study title provided for the research is succinct and it reflects what was done. However, it does not indicate the method that was used to conduct the study.
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Statement of the Phenomenon of Interest
The study topic is succinct, accurate and rightly presents the purpose of the study. From the title, one is able to tell what is being investigated in the study. The title connects to the research question of the study, which is explores lived experiences of migrants that are nearing death in foreign countries. The phenomenon of interest is exploration of lived experiences and interpretations of immigrants that are nearing their end-of-life in foreign countries. It has been stated clearly in the last paragraph of the introduction part. The researchers have utilized a qualitative method because they are interpreting the stories of the dying immigrants. The researchers are investigating experiences and thus want to get meanings from them. The researchers are investigating a phenomenon, which requires interpretation for one to get the hidden meaning.
Purpose
The paper investigates lived experiences of migrants that are nearing death in another country away from their country of birth. The existential distress can affect the quality of dying of the immigrants. The research is of great significance to nursing because it informs the end-of-life care that is provided for such people in order to increase their quality of death.
Ethical Considerations
The researchers fail to directly address how they protected the human participants in their study. However, they sought IRB approval before proceeding with their study. The subjects were fully informed that the research concerned their experiences in foreign countries. The researchers address autonomy and confidentiality of the participants. They note that their confidentiality was maintained avoiding using the real names of the participants and instead assigning one that match their cultural backgrounds.
Method
The methodology used for the research is interpretive phenomenology. Therefore, the researchers needed to get stories from the participants concerning their lived experiences in the foreign countries. The use of interviews for collection of data was appropriate and compatible with the goal of the study. The interviews adequately address the phenomenon of interest since it permits the researchers to obtain stories on lived knowledges of the migrants.
Sampling
The researchers utilized purposive sampling to obtain participants for the study. The sampling method is appropriate for study because the authors were specifically interested in participants with particular characteristics. The sampling method had to be subjective to allow them chose participants that would enable gathering of correct information. The informants chosen helped in addressing the study because they are foreigners in New Zealand. They were also aware that they were nearing death due to their illnesses. The researchers adequately address the participants and setting. They participants are immigrants to New Zealand and were recruited from a hospice that hosted immigrants. The researchers provide that they had end-of-life illnesses. Ten participants were chosen for the study. According to the researchers, they provided a rich dataset that was enough to conduct the study.
Data Collection
The data collected provided human experience. The authors wanted to find out lived experience and interpretation of immigrant that were nearing dying in a foreign country. Data collection was done through interviews. The researchers adequately provide a description for data collection methods. They note that semi-structured interviews were used and also describe how the participants were invited to give their stories. The questions asked during the interview have been provided. The researchers note that they audiotaped the interviews and later transcribed them. The authors do not describe the saturation of data. The procedures for collecting data included inviting the participants to narrate stories about their homeland, asking them their reasons for migration, asking them to describe their experiences living in a foreign country and their feelings and perception of ending life in a foreign country.
Data Analysis
The data analysis process involved checking and crafting to facilitate flow of the stories. The process involved interpretation of ideas thus allowing insights to be gained on participants experiences. Emerging ideas were categorized into notions and the stories were interpreted using Heideggerian philosophy. The researchers provide a connection between raw data and themes.
Authenticity and Trustworthiness of Data
Credibility
The purpose of the study is clearly described as well as the method that is used to conduct the research. Its purpose was to investigate lived experiences of migrants nearing death in countries that are not their countries of birth. The methodology used is interpretive phenomenology. The participants were aware that they are nearing their end-of-life hence provide their own experience. Adequate time was given to allow full understanding the phenomenon. Interviews were conducted after a period of two weeks.
Auditability
The researchers have clearly described the research process thus making it easy for the reader to understand the study. All the research processes have been clearly documented. The researchers also connect the data and themes thus making the results and analysis clear. The researchers have also provided a clear illustration of findings thus enabling a clear connection to the conclusion.
Transferability
The study can be replicated in another situation to provide relevant results. The researchers have clearly detailed the selection process. The results provided make sense even to people that are not involved in the research. They have been explained and documented in a clear way. The analysis of findings matches the purpose of study.
Findings
The findings fall within the context of study. One is able to link the findings to the purpose of the study. Lived experiences of the immigrants depended on how they adapt in the foreign countries. The researchers’ conceptualizations match what was established in the data. Immigrants’ existentiality in a foreign country affects their feeling and perception of lived experience. The existing literature is connected to the findings. Living in a foreign country affects the quality of end-of-life depending on one’s feeling of sense of belonging.
Conclusions, Implications, and Recommendations
The conclusion, implications, and recommendations provide a reader with the context for utilization of the findings. Nurses can use the findings to inform their end-of-life care for immigrants. The conclusion indicates that quality of end-of –life moments or feelings is dependent on one’s adaptation and feeling of belongingness in the foreign country. The researchers have not presented recommendations for further studies. The researchers explain how the findings could be used to improve nursing education and practice.
References
Bray, Y., Wright-St Clair, V., & Goodyear-Smith, F. (2018). Exploring the lived experience of migrants dying away from their country of origin. Quality of Life Research , 27 (10), 2647-2652.
