Feminist ethics is a proposal to ethics that augments the belief that traditional ethics theory has undermined women's moral experience. Therefore, it opts to reevaluate ethics through a comprehensive feminist approach to modify it. As a result, it takes women's experiences significantly and helps in the elimination of women's oppression and sexual minorities.
The biography of feminism is branched into three waves; the first wave of feminism took place in the 19 th and early 20 th centuries. It concentrated on legitimate matters like obtaining women's right to vote and was characterized as focusing on the battle for women's authority in politics. Elizabeth Cady Stanton pioneered the first wave and spoke on the incorporation of women in the public lifestyle. She also narrowed it down to the importance of female education, which gave the world feminists who inspired the women around and after them and advocated for black suffrage.
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The first wave of feminism tailored the second wave, which had more overview scope and extended the fight for equality in other divisions of society. The second wave of feminism took place from the 1960s to the late 1980s. It began with Betty Friedan's “The Feminine Mystique,” which argued that “The fault did not lie with women but rather with the world that refused to allow them to exercise their creative and intellectual faculties” (Baker, 2008). It pointed up communal and non-public inequity and matters of abduction, domestic abuse, sexual rights, and labor safety. There was extensive attempt to improve women's negative and inferior image to more useful and practical ones. It can be characterized by a prevalent feeling of unity among women fighting for justness, leading to several types of feminism. Radical feminism was widespread and involved the total abolishment of male supremacy. Socialist feminists allowed the oppressive nature of capitalist society and saw a link between gender and racial discrimination; many women felt that it was imprudent to talk about gender equality without considering racial inequality. The second wave was crucial to the feminist movement and brought women together.
Third-wave feminism came to light in the mid-1990s. It focused on sexual rights for females. Activists stood up for females' right to compel her alternatives regarding her body moreover declared that it was fundamental liberty to acquire family planning and abortion; Judith Butler argued that “Gender and sex are separate.” In addition, Transfeminism was brought into consideration, and the discussions of femininity, self-identity, and sensuality that expounded the Third wave made it comprehensive to transgender women.
Ethics of care is a feminist philosophical viewpoint that uses a relational and situation-bound approach towards principles and decision-making. It refers to proposals regarding both the nature of morality and normative ethical theory. Care of ethics cannot account for the worth of independence, which seems to be set in rationality and also can suitably exceed welfare, as when someone independently chooses to do something that harms her interests.
Kant's deontological ethics does not consider the costs and benefits of a situation. This is to avoid subjectivity and uncertainty because one has to follow a set of rules. People are obliged to do the right thing even if it has terrible outcomes, but Kant believed that it is wrong to lie to save a friend from a murderer. Ethics of care is more appealing than Kant's deontological theory as it emphasizes the importance of concern and promotes caring relationships, which establishes and modifies people.
References
Baker, C. N. (2008). The women's movement against sexual harassment . Cambridge University Press.
