Electrolyte imbalance is an abnormality that is caused by excessive electrolytes concentration in the body. Electrolytes are minerals (sodium, magnesium, chlorine, calcium, potassium, and phosphates) in the body that have an electric charge ( Singh et al., 2015) . They are found in body fluids, urine, and blood. They get into the body through the foods and drinks that individuals consume. Electrolytes are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the body; fluids balance and regulation of the neurological and heart functions. When the institution maintains the right balance of electrolytes, there is effective functioning of blood chemistry and muscle actions. An imbalance is caused when the levels of the electrolytes in the body are either too low or high beyond the recommended level ( Sabarimuthu, Ponnian & John, 2017) .
Sodium imbalance: The recommended amount of sodium in the body is 135-145 milliequivalents per liter. Sodium significantly contributes to the body fluid balance besides impacting on the functioning of the body muscles and the nervous system. Sodium is abundant in bodily water and blood plasma. When the blood plasma has high sodium content, it attracts high-level fluids. When sodium is higher than 145 mEq/L results in dehydration, diabetes insipidus, and fever. The treatment of these infections is management and restriction of sodium intake. Important to note, a rapid drop in sodium intake could result in a rapid flow of water that if not intervened, would lead to cerebral edema. For this condition, one is treated with diuretic medications or fluid restrictions.
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Fluid imbalance: the abnormal increase in the fluid volume in the blood plasma is due to a deficit that is detected in bodily fluids. This condition is referred to as the hypervolemia-fluid overload that occurs with increased sodium levels; thus, the body cannot manage excessive fluid supplementation. Treatment of this condition is fluid sodium restriction. In the case of deficit of fluids in the blood plasma, the condition is referred to as hypovolemia, which is treated through intervenous dehydration.
When a patient is diagnosed, the treatment that the patient's treatment will be determined by the primary cause of the electrolyte imbalance and the severity of the imbalance which is always in insufficient supply or overabundance of the electrolyte. The treatment options may include the taking of mineral supplements orally or intravenously ( Zhang & Castro, 2015) . To control the imbalance, one should ensure to always take an amount of water in foods and drinks that is equal to the amount of water that is excreted. The kidney is the most affected organ whereby the kidney can excrete concentrated urine or dilute urine. Similarly, there must be a balance in the amount of minerals intake with water volume
References
Singh, D. K., Behari, S., Jaiswal, A. K., Sahu, R. N., Srivastava, A. K., Mehrotra, A., & Dabadgaon, P. (2015). Pediatric anterior visual pathway gliomas: trends in fluid and electrolyte dynamics and their management nuances. Child's Nervous System , 31 (3), 359-371.
Zhang, G. H., & Castro, R. (2015). Role of oral mucosal fluid and electrolyte absorption and secretion in dry mouth. Chin J Dent Res , 18 (3), 135-54.
Sabarimuthu, S. Q., Ponnian, S. M. P., & John, B. (2017). Diosmin prevents left ventricular hypertrophy, adenosine triphosphatases dysfunction, and electrolyte imbalance in experimentally induced myocardial infarcted rats. European journal of pharmacology , 814 , 124-129.
